Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.202092116

Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science) ›› 2020, Vol. 2020 ›› Issue (S1): 62-66.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.202092116

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Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization

Muhammad Hidayatullah KHAN^1,²(), Muhammad Asadullah KHAN^3,⁴, Ali AKBAR^2,⁵, Jian YUE¹

1. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei　230026, China
2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
3. Physical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Natural Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei　230036, China
4. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
5. Engineering Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang　110036, China

Received:2020-04-21 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-22

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Muhammad Hidayatullah KHAN, Muhammad Asadullah KHAN, Ali AKBAR, Jian YUE. Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(S1): 62-66.

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References 15

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Period / Era	Interval	Regional cultural phrases	Modern regions
Early Harappan/Regionalization (reaching back to Neolithic Mehargarh II)	3200—2600 BC	Amri-Nal	Baluchistan, Sindh, North Gujarat
		Kot Diji	North Sindh and Elsewhere
		Sothi-Siswal	North Rajasthan, Haryana, Eastern regions
		Damb Sadaat	Central Baluchistan
Early–Mature Harappan Transition	2600—2500 BC
Mature Harappan/Integration Era	2500—1900 BC	Sindhi Harappan	Sindh
		Kulli Harappan	Baluchistan
		Sorath Harappan	Gujarat, Saurashtra
		Punjabi Harappan	Punjab
		Eastern Harappan	Haryana, Rajasthan
Late Mature Harrapan Phase/Localization Era	1900—1300 BC	Sindhi Harappan	Sindh

Sign	Pictorial value	Ideographic meaning	Sign	Pictorial value	Ideographic meaning
	Jar	Priest		Bearer	Officer or functionary
	Lance	Warrior		Jar + Bearer	Officer with priestly duties
	Man	Servant or lower functionary		Lance + Bearer	Officer with military duties
	Harrow	Farmer, tiller, tenant

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Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization

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