近60年来洞庭湖出湖泥沙动态变化与影响机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2018.04.016

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 2018 ›› Issue (4): 159-170.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2018.04.016

近60年来洞庭湖出湖泥沙动态变化与影响机制

于亚文, 戴志军, 梅雪菲, 王杰, 魏稳

华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2017-10-18 出版日期:2018-07-25 发布日期:2018-07-19
通讯作者: 戴志军,男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为河口海岸动力沉积和动力地貌.E-mail:zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn E-mail:zjdai@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:于亚文,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为江湖交换机制.E-mail:demoyu94@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41576087）

Dynamic characteristics and influencing mechanisms of suspended sediment discharge at the outlet of Dongting Lake

YU Ya-wen, DAI Zhi-jun, MEI Xue-fei, WANG Jie, WEI Wen

State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2017-10-18 Online:2018-07-25 Published:2018-07-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 洞庭湖是长江中游重要的调蓄湖泊，其出湖泥沙变化过程影响着湖泊演变和江湖关系调整.基于洞庭湖代表性水文站长时间序列的水文数据，利用百分位数、变差系数和小波分析等方法，分析洞庭湖出湖输沙量的动态变化特征及其控制因素.结果表明：洞庭湖出湖泥沙在1951—2015年可分为1951—1970年、1971—2002年和2003—2015年三个阶段，其中前两个阶段表现为下降趋势，2003—2015年年均输沙量则呈上升趋势；出湖输沙量年内分配不均，1951—1970年主要集中于3—12月，1971—2015年主要集中于3—8月，但2003—2015年输沙量峰值由1951—2002年的4月推迟至5月；出湖输沙量周期表现为44年和24年的全尺度周期震荡.从径流、水利工程建设和湖盆冲淤的角度分析洞庭湖出湖输沙量的变化原因，发现：出湖径流是造成输沙量年内分配不均的季节性变化特征和主周期模式的重要原因；荆江裁弯工程是导致1971—2002年洞庭湖出湖输沙量大幅减少的根本原因；随三峡工程运行，洞庭湖2003—2015年多年平均出湖输沙量相比于1971—2002年减少了30.1%；此外，洞庭湖湖盆由淤积转为冲刷，导致洞庭湖出湖输沙量在2007年之后有所增加.

关键词: 洞庭湖, 出湖泥沙, 水利工程

Abstract: Dongting Lake's storage capacity is of vital significance to the Changjiang River. The changes in suspended sediment discharge (SSD) from Dongting Lake to the Changjiang River are closely linked to both the lake's evolution and the lake-river relationship. Based on long-term hydrologic data from 1951-2015, the dynamic characteristics of SSD at theDongting Lake outlet and associated controlling factors were analyzed by using percentile, coefficient of variation, and wavelet analysis. The results showed that the SSD time series (1951-2015) could be divided into three sub-periods, namely 1951-1970,1971-2002, and 2003-2015. Specifically, SSD of the first two periods exhibited decreasing trends, while SSD during the 2003-2015 period displayed on upward tendency. Apparent seasonal fluctuations were observed in SSD with a majority of sediment transported in March-December and in March-August during 1951-1970 and 1971-2015, respectively. However, the peak monthly SSD shifted from April in 1951-2002 to May in 2003-2015. Moreover, periodic 44-year and 24-year oscillations were detected across the entire SSD data set. The variation in SSD at the outlet of Dongting Lake can be explained by runoff, water conservancy projects, and the lake's erosion-deposition pattern. It was found that runoff at the outlet of Dongting Lake was the important factor induced the seasonal fluctuation and primary periodic oscillation of SSD. The Jingjiang Cut-off Project is likely responsible for the significant SSD decrease during the period 1971-2002. Annual average SSD over the period 2003-2015 decreased by 30.1% in comparison with 1971-2002 following opening of the Three Gorges Dam. In addition, the SSD series showed an increasing trend after 2007 as the Dongting Lake basin shifted from a deposition state into an erosion state.

Key words: Dongting Lake, suspended sediment discharge, water conservancy projects

中图分类号:

P933

于亚文, 戴志军, 梅雪菲, 王杰, 魏稳. 近60年来洞庭湖出湖泥沙动态变化与影响机制[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 2018(4): 159-170.

YU Ya-wen, DAI Zhi-jun, MEI Xue-fei, WANG Jie, WEI Wen. Dynamic characteristics and influencing mechanisms of suspended sediment discharge at the outlet of Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2018, 2018(4): 159-170.

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近60年来洞庭湖出湖泥沙动态变化与影响机制

Dynamic characteristics and influencing mechanisms of suspended sediment discharge at the outlet of Dongting Lake

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