上海环城林带夏季大气污染净化作用及其与林带宽度的关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对上海市环城绿带宝山盛宅段与浦东康桥段夏季近地面主要大气污染物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀、CO、NO₂)进行了为期1个月的持续监测, 其中, 每一样段垂直于高速公路以100 m间隔设置4个监测样点. 依据国家《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095—2012), 评价各监测点的大气环境质量; 并量化了不同宽度林带对不同污染物的净化效益; 通过多元线性回归分析, 研究了气象条件和环境本底对林带最大净化效益的影响. 结果表明: ①环城绿带对PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂有明显的净化作用, 对CO起蓄积作用; ②当林带宽度为300 m时污染物净化作用达到最大; ③林内外湿度差和温度差对林带颗粒物 PM_2.5和 PM₁₀最大净化效益的影响程度较大, 环境本底对林带 NO₂ 最大净化效益的影响程度较大, 湿度差对林带 CO 最大净化效益的影响程度较大. 研究结果可为环城绿带在净化大气方面的林地管护及改造提供理论基础.

关键词: 上海环城绿带, 大气污染物, 林带宽度, 城市森林, 生态效益

Abstract:

In this study, ground-level air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter (PM), NO₂, and CO) were monitored at two transects of an urban-road-green-belt of Shanghai for one month during the summer season. Four monitoring sites at 100m intervals were set along each transect from the road to the inside. The air pollution was evaluated for each site based on China’s national standard, and the variation in air pollution purification ability (i.e., removal percentage) was compared among sites with different distances to the road. The effects of meteorological condition and pollution background on maximum removal percentage of each air pollutant were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the green belt greatly contributed to reducing PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂; however, the green belt also produced a cumulative effect on CO generation within its boundaries. The green belt had the greatest air pollution purification performance at sites with 300m distance to the road for most pollutants in both transects. The maximum removal percentages of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were correlated to air humidity difference and air temperature difference between outer and inner of forests mostly, while the maximum removal percentages of NO₂ were correlated to the pollution background and maximum removal percentages of CO were correlated to air temperature difference. The results can provide a theoretical foundation for forest transform and arrangement aimed at air pollution purification in the green belt.

Key words: Shanghai green belt, air pollution, forest belt width, urban forest, ecological benefits

中图分类号:

X835

王小玲, 宋坤, 乐莺, 陈静, 姜昊, 张涌嘉, 宫鹤忆, 王子斐, 丁一, 施天慧, 达良俊. 上海环城林带夏季大气污染净化作用及其与林带宽度的关系[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(3): 128-137.

Xiaoling WANG, Kun SONG, Ying LE, Jing CHEN, Hao JIANG, Yongjia ZHANG, Heyi GONG, Zifei WANG, Yi DING, Tianhui SHI, Liangjun DA. Relationship between air pollution purification and forest belt width of the Shanghai green belt in the summer season[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(3): 128-137.

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林带宽度	PM_2.5				PM₁₀				NO₂				CO
	均值/%		标准差		均值/%		标准差		均值/%		标准差		均值/%		标准差
	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段	盛宅段	康桥段
100 m	6.82	–10.21	0.15	0.15	2.52	–14.54	0.17	0.19	13.57	–11.06	0.28	0.38	–72.97	–14.81	0.31	0.18
200 m	6.65	3.25	0.11	0.15	7.05	3.39	0.12	0.17	11.64	31.05	0.19	0.37	–116.36	–19.86	0.28	0.35
300 m	9.69	19.12	0.14	0.23	7.22	17.67	0.18	0.26	29.82	24.53	0.26	0.25	23.53	–6.49	0.42	0.24
400 m	–5.88	–1.35	0.14	0.13	–1.55	3.12	0.15	0.15	1.20	–0.78	0.30	0.30	–14.3	–15.79	0.23	0.19

模型	序号	自变量	系数	标准误差	t	Sig.	相对重要性	调整R²
PM_2.5为因变量	1	污染物浓度	–0.2431	0.156	–1.556	0.128	0.088	0.464
	2	温度差	–59.503	10.518	–5.657	< 0.001***	0.443
	3	湿度差	–13.275	2.292	–5.791	< 0.001***	0.469
PM₁₀为因变量	1	污染物浓度	–0.171	0.128	–1.335	0.19	0.056	0.501
	2	温度差	–65.908	10.766	–6.122	< 0.001***	0.445
	3	湿度差	–14.902	2.348	–6.346	< 0.001***	0.499
NO₂为因变量	1	污染物浓度	86.245	30.504	2.827	0.0075**	0.357	0.437
	2	温度差	–13.061	4.929	–2.650	0.012*	0.411
	3	湿度差	–1.672	1.085	–1.541	0.132	0.231
CO为因变量	1	温度差	122.740	48.490	2.531	0.016*	0.662	0.125
CO为因变量	2	湿度差	20.890	10.630	1.966	0.057	0.338	0.125

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