崇明东滩围垦区不同土地利用类型对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.008

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 2022 ›› Issue (3): 71-81.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.008

崇明东滩围垦区不同土地利用类型对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

何晶¹, 仲启铖², 张桂莲², 王开运¹, 吴悦琦^1,³, 贺贵书¹, 李德志^1,^4,^5,^6,*(), 彭娜娜¹

1. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
2. 上海市园林科学规划研究院, 上海　200232
3. 上海自然博物馆(上海科技馆分馆), 上海　200041
4. 华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 上海　200241
5. 崇明生态研究院, 上海　202162
6. 自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心, 上海　200062

收稿日期:2021-07-05 接受日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-05-19
通讯作者: 李德志 E-mail:dzli@des.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金 (31800411); 国家重点研发计划 (2017YFC0506002); 上海市自然科学基金 (17ZR1427400); 上海市科委科技创新行动计划“一带一路”青年科学家交流项目(19230742600); 自然资源部大都市区国土空间生态修复工程技术创新中心开放课题(CXZX2021B01, CXZX2021A04)

Soil respiration and its components across different land use types in the Dongtan reclamation area of Chongming Island

Jing HE¹, Qicheng ZHONG², Guilian ZHANG², Kaiyun WANG¹, Yueqi WU^1,³, Guishu HE¹, Dezhi LI^1,^4,^5,^6,*(), Nana PENG¹

1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
2. Shanghai Academy of Landscape Architecture Science and Planning, Shanghai　200232, China
3. Shanghai Natural History Museum (Branch of Shanghai Science and Technology Museum), Shanghai　200041, China
4. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
5. Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai　202162, China
6. Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Shanghai　200062, China

Received:2021-07-05 Accepted:2021-12-10 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-05-19
Contact: Dezhi LI E-mail:dzli@des.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在崇明东滩围垦区, 采用Licor-8100A土壤碳通量观测系统及分层去根法, 连续测定5种土地利用类型 (芦苇湿地、白茅湿地、幼龄林、中龄林和农田) 的土壤呼吸、异养呼吸和自养呼吸, 以及0 ~ 10 cm表层土壤温度、体积含水率和电导率等环境因子, 系统地比较了崇明东滩围垦区不同用地类型土壤呼吸及其组分的差异. 结果表明: ① 幼龄林、中龄林和农田样地的土壤呼吸显著低于芦苇湿地和白茅湿地样地; ② 幼林龄、中林龄和农田样地的异养呼吸占比显著高于芦苇湿地和白茅湿地样地; ③ 土壤呼吸及其组分与土壤温度呈显著的指数关系, 但与土壤含水率和电导率的相关性较弱. 与残存湿地相比, 不同的农林利用方式显著降低了围垦区土壤呼吸, 但大幅增加了异养呼吸, 这可能说明土壤有机碳库在围垦20年后仍处于净损失状态. 因此, 需要采取有效措施进一步提升该区域土壤的碳固持能力.

关键词: 土壤呼吸, 土壤呼吸组分, 滨海湿地围垦, 土地利用类型

Abstract:

In the Chongming Dongtan reclamation area, the soil carbon flux observation system (LI-8100A) and root removal method were used to continuously measure soil respiration (R_S), heterotrophic respiration (R_H), and autotrophic respiration (R_A) of five land use types (Phragmites australis wetland, Imperata cylindrica wetland, young forest, middle-age forest, and cropland); the methods were also used to measure the soil temperature, volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, and other environmental factors in the 0-10 cm soil layer. In this study, the differences in soil respiration and its components among different land use types in the Chongming Dongtan reclamation area were systematically compared. The results showed that: ① R_S in the young forest, middle-age forest, and cropland plot were significantly lower than those in the P. australis wetland and the I. cylindrica wetland plot; ② the proportion of R_H found in the young forest, middle-age forest, and cropland was significantly higher than that observed in the P. australis wetland and the I. cylindrica wetland; ③ R_S and its components showed a significant exponential relationship with soil temperature, but showed weak correlations with the soil volumetric water content and electrical conductivity. Compared with the residual wetlands, the different agroforestry utilization methods significantly reduced R_S, but significantly increased R_H, which may suggest that the soil organic carbon pool is still in a state of net loss after 20 years of reclamation. Thus, effective measures should be taken to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of the reclaimed soil in this area.

Key words: soil respiration, soil respiration components, coastal land reclamation, land use types

中图分类号:

Q148

何晶, 仲启铖, 张桂莲, 王开运, 吴悦琦, 贺贵书, 李德志, 彭娜娜. 崇明东滩围垦区不同土地利用类型对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(3): 71-81.

Jing HE, Qicheng ZHONG, Guilian ZHANG, Kaiyun WANG, Yueqi WU, Guishu HE, Dezhi LI, Nana PENG. Soil respiration and its components across different land use types in the Dongtan reclamation area of Chongming Island[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(3): 71-81.

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土地利用类型	缩写	主要物种	平均冠层高度/m	平均胸径/cm	郁闭度	管理措施	占比/%
芦苇湿地	PW	芦苇	1.5			无耕作	22.7
白茅湿地	IW	白茅、芦苇	芦苇: 0.8 白茅: 0.7			无耕作	27.0
幼林龄	YF	无患子、朴树; 10月—次年3月花菜	无患子: 4.7 朴树: 7.4 花菜: 0.4	无患子: 4.3 朴树: 11.9	0.7	驱虫、除草	8.6
中林龄	MF	夹竹桃、杉木、朴树	夹竹桃: 1.9 杉木: 11.0 朴树: 9.3	杉木: 16.3 朴树: 16.0	0.8	施肥	7.9
农田	CP	10月—次年3月花菜, 4月—次年9月玉米	花菜: 0.4 玉米: 2.0			播种、施肥、除草、驱虫	33.8

土地利用类型	全氮 /%	全碳 /%	土壤容重 / (g·cm^–3)	土壤体积含水率/%
PW	0.06±0.01	1.30±0.06	1.52±0.07	53.50±4.00
IW	0.06±0.01	1.40±0.05	1.36±0.15	43.60±0.46
YF	0.07±0.02	1.40±0.10	1.44±0.13	29.40±1.10
MF	0.06±0.02	1.40±0.24	1.37±0.11	18.80±1.72
CP	0.07±0.01	1.50±0.08	1.52±0.01	32.20±3.00

变异来源	土壤呼吸速率			土壤异养呼吸速率			土壤自养呼吸速率
变异来源	df	F	p	df	F	p	df	F	p
用地类型	4	9.61	<0.01	4	28.94	<0.01	4	95.91	<0.01
时间	12	208.51	<0.01	12	160.83	<0.01	12	47.98	<0.01
用地类型 × 时间	48	9.32	<0.01	48	20.93	<0.01	48	14.15	<0.01

土地利用类型	土壤呼吸速率			土壤异养呼吸速率			土壤自养呼吸速率
土地利用类型	T	W	E	T	W	E	T	W	E
PW	0.903**	0.004	–0.484**	0.288	–0.289	0.112	0.919**	0.152	–0.570**
IW	0.535**	–0.159	0.144	0.395*	–0.045	0.041	0.424**	–0.207	0.082
YF	0.838**	0.137	–0.035	0.840**	0.208	0.050	0.526**	0.038	–0.029
MF	0.865**	0.484**	–0.542**	0.875**	0.469**	–0.204	0.496**	0.434**	–0.111
CP	0.419**	–0.142	0.086	0.502**	–0.201	0.052	–0.103	–0.111	0.208

土地利用类型	土壤呼吸速率		土壤异养呼吸速率		土壤自养呼吸速率
土地利用类型	方程	R²	方程	R²	方程	R²
PW	lny = 0.114T – 0.633	0.85	lny = 0.042T – 0.372	0.28	lny = 0.178T – 0.048W – 0.403	0.80
IW	lny = 0.087T – 0.065	0.73	lny = 0.112T – 1.919	0.56	lny = 0.081T – 0.535	0.36
YF	lny = 0.074T – 0.022W + 0.516	0.81	lny = 0.093T – 0.053W + 0.371	0.73	lny = 0.054T – 0.887	0.37
MF	lny = 0.108T + 0.027W – 1.1	0.87	lny = 0.108T – 0.951	0.83
CP	lny = 0.041T + 0.705	0.31	lny = 0.053T + 0.02	0.38

崇明东滩围垦区不同土地利用类型对土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

Soil respiration and its components across different land use types in the Dongtan reclamation area of Chongming Island

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