淤泥质潮间带植被-光滩沉积物稳定性研究—以长江口崇明东滩为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.017

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 2022 ›› Issue (6): 169-177.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.017

• 河口海岸学 • 上一篇

淤泥质潮间带植被-光滩沉积物稳定性研究—以长江口崇明东滩为例

张莹鑫¹, 张文祥^1,*(), 史本伟^1,², 汪亚平¹

1. 华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海　200241
2. 自然资源部第一海洋研究所自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室, 山东青岛　266061

收稿日期:2022-01-20 接受日期:2022-04-25 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-22
通讯作者: 张文祥 E-mail:wxzhang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金 (42076170, U2240220); 自然资源部海岸带科学与综合管理重点实验室开放基金 (2021COSIMZ001); 上海市教育委员会科研创新计划项目 (2019-01-07-00-05-E00027)

Study on sediment stability between vegetation and bare flats in a muddy intertidal flat: A case study for Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River Estuary

Yingxin ZHANG¹, Wenxiang ZHANG^1,*(), Benwei SHI^1,², Yaping WANG¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
2. Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, Shandong　266061, China

Received:2022-01-20 Accepted:2022-04-25 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-22
Contact: Wenxiang ZHANG E-mail:wxzhang@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以典型淤泥质潮间带—长江口崇明东滩为例, 通过现场采样和室内实验, 对盐沼植被-光滩中沉积物的稳定性进行对比分析. 结果表明: ① 在光滩区域, 随着黏土含量的增加, 沉积物稳定性增强. ② 受植被根系“加筋”作用, 盐沼植被带沉积物稳定性明显高于光滩. ③ 同一类型植被带的沉积物稳定性由地下生物量决定, 地下生物量越高, 沉积物越稳定; 不同类型植被带的沉积物稳定性由植被根系特征决定, 与具有较细根系的海三棱镳草相比, 较粗根系的互花米草植被带内沉积物稳定性差. 本研究结果不仅丰富了潮间带沉积物稳定性研究理论, 而且还可为绿色海堤建设、海岸绿色防护措施制定提供科学依据.

关键词: 沉积物稳定性, 临界剪切应力, 淤泥质潮间带, 盐沼植被, 沉积物粒度

Abstract:

With the present global warming scenario, the erosion of intertidal flats in estuarine zones often occurs due to rising sea levels and an increase in human activities. Intertidal flats have an important ecological function and economic value, including for carbon sequestration, preventing flooding, water purification, attenuating waves, and tourism development. Hence, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the stability of the wetland ecosystem for intertidal flats. Previous studies mainly focused on the stability of intertidal bare flats, while the stability of salt marsh ecosystems has attracted relatively less attention. The mechanisms of their respective influencing factors are, as of yet, poorly understood. In this study, we took a typical muddy intertidal zone of Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River Estuary as an example and made a comparative analysis on sediment stability for both the salt marsh zone and the adjacent bare flat using in-situ sampling and laboratory tests. The results indicate that: ① Sediment stability improves with an increase of clay content in the bare flat. ② Sediment stability in the salt marsh zone is significantly higher than that in the adjacent bare flat because of the “reinforcing” effect of the root system. ③ Underground biomass determines sediment stability for the same type of vegetation. The sediment becomes more stable with an increase of the underground biomass in vegetation. The sediment stability of different vegetation is determined by characteristics of the vegetation root system. The sediment stability of Spartina alterniflora vegetation zone with coarser roots was worse than that of Scirpus mariqueter with finer roots. Our results not only advance theoretical research on sediment stability in intertidal flats, but also provide scientific guidance for the construction of Green Sea Defence and other coastal green protection measures.

Key words: sediment stability, critical shear stress, muddy intertidal zone, salt marsh vegetation, sediment grain size

中图分类号:

P737.12+1

张莹鑫, 张文祥, 史本伟, 汪亚平. 淤泥质潮间带植被-光滩沉积物稳定性研究—以长江口崇明东滩为例[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(6): 169-177.

Yingxin ZHANG, Wenxiang ZHANG, Benwei SHI, Yaping WANG. Study on sediment stability between vegetation and bare flats in a muddy intertidal flat: A case study for Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(6): 169-177.

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区域	潮滩类型	中值粒径/μm	粒度组成
北部	淤泥质潮滩	高潮滩 3 ~ 16	黏土质粉砂
北部	淤泥质潮滩	中、低潮滩 7 ~ 100	黏土质粉砂、粉砂质砂和粉砂
中部	淤泥质潮滩	高潮滩 32 ~ 62	粉砂
中部	淤泥质潮滩	中、低潮滩 20 ~ 110	粉砂、粉砂质砂和细砂
南部	粉砂质潮滩	高潮滩 24 ~ 70	粉砂和砂
南部	粉砂质潮滩	中、低潮滩 31 ~ 105	粉砂、粉砂质砂和细砂

断面	采样时间	样点	植被带
北断面	2021-06-28 8:00—9:00	N1, N2	互花米草
中断面	2021-06-27 8:00—9:00	M1, M2	海三棱藨草
南断面	2021-06-27 10:00—11:00	S1, S2	海三棱藨草

断面	点位	中值粒径/μm	粒度组成/%			分选系数	偏度	峰度	沉积物分类
断面	点位	中值粒径/μm	黏土	粉砂	砂	分选系数	偏度	峰度	沉积物分类
北断面	N1	5.22	43.24	55.50	1.26	2.78	0.33	0.69	黏土质粉砂
北断面	N2	6.84	39.18	59.16	1.70	2.90	0.36	0.67	黏土质粉砂
中断面	M1	10.35	26.22	68.71	5.06	2.73	0.40	1.30	黏土质粉砂
中断面	M2	11.25	23.94	71.03	5.03	2.70	0.43	1.35	黏土质粉砂
南断面	S1	40.65	1.62	77.46	20.92	1.24	0.29	1.32	粉砂
南断面	S2	41.35	0.16	80.20	19.65	0.89	0.15	1.31	粉砂

淤泥质潮间带植被-光滩沉积物稳定性研究—以长江口崇明东滩为例

Study on sediment stability between vegetation and bare flats in a muddy intertidal flat: A case study for Chongming Dongtan in the Yangtze River Estuary

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