华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 2023 ›› Issue (1): 177-185.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.01.018

• 绿色化学诊疗方法 • 上一篇    

基于合成核酸分子工程的生物医学应用

曹梦瑶, 李丽*(), 裴昊*()   

  1. 华东师范大学 化学与分子工程学院 上海市绿色化学与化工过程绿色化重点实验室, 上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-29 接受日期:2022-09-09 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 李丽,裴昊 E-mail:lli@chem.ecnu.edu.cn;peihao@chem.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曹梦瑶, 女, 博士研究生, 研究方向为DNA计算
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金 (22174046)

Biomedical applications of synthetic nucleic acid engineering

Mengyao CAO, Li LI*(), Hao PEI*()   

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2022-06-29 Accepted:2022-09-09 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-01-07
  • Contact: Li LI,Hao PEI E-mail:lli@chem.ecnu.edu.cn;peihao@chem.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要:

核酸结构设计因简单的碱基配对法则而获得预测结构的能量支持, 且具备更强的折叠合成结构, 受到了广泛的关注. 然而, 核酸碱基的化学多样性缺乏, 使得核酸结构在功能上多样性比蛋白质弱, 因而限制了其在实际中的应用. 本文聚焦核酸分子工程, 尤其是对核酸结构以及分子间相互作用的研究; 基于核酸结构的空间可寻址性, 实现了多种材料在核酸结构上的位点可控的修饰; 基于对核酸分子序列的设计, 还实现了核酸分子间反应动力学参数的连续微调. 此外, 设计构建了合成分子化学反应网络、分子机器及核酸基生物材料, 并将这种绿色生物材料应用于生物分子识别、生物膜表面工程及生物催化等方向.

关键词: 合成核酸分子工程, 生物分子识别, 细胞表面工程, 生物催化

Abstract:

The simple rule of base-pairing of nucleic acids enables nucleic acid structures to be designed via powerful energy-based prediction tools. Thus, nucleic acid structures have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to fold into a variety of synthetic structures. However, the lack of chemical diversity of nucleic acid bases makes nucleic acid structures less functionally diverse than proteins, thereby limiting their practical applications. This review focuses on the underlying technology of nucleic acid molecular engineering, especially on the studies of nucleic acid structures and their molecular interactions. As nucleic acid structures are fully spatially addressable, a diversity of particles could be linked to designated positions on the surface of nucleic acid structures. Additionally, the intermolecular reaction kinetics of nucleic acids could be continuously fine-tuned by rational design of nucleic acid sequences. This review also summarizes the development of synthetic molecular networks, dynamic molecular machines, and nucleic acid-based biomaterials, as well as the application of these as green biomedical devices in biomolecular recognition, cell surface engineering, and biocatalysis.

Key words: synthetic nucleic acid molecular engineering, biomolecular recognition, cell surface engineering, biocatalysis

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