上海市二噁英的时空分布特征与呼吸暴露风险

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对上海这一特大城市, 构建了Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) 耦合模型以分析二噁英 (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans, PCDD/Fs) 的大气传输过程和呼吸暴露风险. 结果表明: 模型模拟的PCDD/Fs浓度中有69.88%的模拟值为观测值的0.5 ~ 2倍, 精度良好. 2019年上海大气在冬季的PCDD/Fs污染水平最高, 其次是在秋季和春季, 最低是在夏季, 质量浓度分别为847.08、629.53、588.38和406.96 fg/m³, 毒性当量TEQ浓度分别为59.29、44.46、40.80和28.08 fg I-TEQ/m³. 大气PCDD/Fs污染严重的地方为杨浦区、虹口区、黄浦区、静安区、宝山区、金山区、松江区. 上海居民对PCDD/Fs的呼吸暴露量表现为幼儿 > 老年人 > 成年人的趋势, 分别为10.67、8.86和8.47 fg I-TEQ/(kg·d), 暴露风险均在可接受水平内. 此外, 本地排放源对污染的贡献远大于外地排放源, 这说明上海大气中的PCDD/Fs污染主要是由本地的工业生产过程和燃烧活动造成的.

关键词: 二噁英, 空间分布, 季节变化, 呼吸暴露, 源解析

Abstract:

In this study, a coupled Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model was developed to analyze the atmospheric transport of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) in the megacity of Shanghai, and the population’s exposure to them. The results showed that 69.88% of the simulated values are within 0.5 to 2 times the observed values, indicating good accuracy. In 2019, the highest PCDD/Fs pollution levels in Shanghai’s atmosphere were observed in winter, followed by fall and spring. The lowest levels occurred in summer, with respective mass concentrations of 847.08, 629.53, 588.38, and 406.96 fg/m³ and respective TEQ concentrations of 59.29, 44.46, 40.80, and 28.08 fg I-TEQ/m³. The areas most polluted with atmospheric PCDD/Fs were Yangzi, Yangzhou, and Shanghai. Fs were found in Yangpu, Hongkou, Huangpu, Jing'an, Baoshan, Jinshan, and Songjiang. The respiratory exposure of Shanghai residents to PCDD/Fs followed the trend of adolescents > elderly > middle-aged people, with 10.67, 8.86, and 8.47 fg I-TEQ/(kg·d), and the risk of exposure was within the acceptable range. The contribution of local emission sources is much larger than that of foreign emission sources, indicating that local industrial production processes and combustion activities mainly cause atmospheric PCDD/Fs pollution in Shanghai.

Key words: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), spatial distribution, seasonal variation, inhalation exposure, source analysis

中图分类号:

P951

李颖, 黄晔, 李晔, 刘敏. 上海市二噁英的时空分布特征与呼吸暴露风险[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 2024(6): 124-135.

Ying LI, Ye HUANG, Ye LI, Min LIU. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and respiratory exposure risk of PCDD/Fs in Shanghai, China[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 124-135.

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区域	呼吸暴露量/(fg I-TEQ/(kg·d))				CR	NCR
区域	幼儿 (3 ~ 6岁)	成年人 (20 ~ 59岁)	老年人 (60岁及以上)	全年龄段	CR	NCR
上海市	10.67	8.47	8.86	8.74	1.1 × 10^–6	1.1 × 10^–7
黄浦区	13.99	11.11	11.62	11.46	1.4 × 10^–6	1.5 × 10^–7
徐汇区	10.33	8.20	8.58	8.48	1.0 × 10^–6	1.1 × 10^–7
长宁区	9.85	7.82	8.18	8.07	9.8 × 10^–7	1.1 × 10^–7
静安区	13.88	11.02	11.53	11.40	1.4 × 10^–6	1.5 × 10^–7
普陀区	10.61	8.42	8.81	8.71	1.1 × 10^–6	1.1 × 10^–7
虹口区	16.96	13.47	14.09	13.90	1.7 × 10^–6	1.8 × 10^–7
杨浦区	23.51	18.66	19.52	19.28	2.3 × 10^–6	2.5 × 10^–7
闵行区	9.55	7.58	7.93	7.84	9.5 × 10^–7	1.0 × 10^–7
宝山区	12.79	10.15	10.62	10.49	1.3 × 10^–6	1.4 × 10^–7
嘉定区	10.48	8.32	8.70	8.58	1.0 × 10^–6	1.1 × 10^–7
浦东新区	12.48	9.91	10.37	10.25	1.2 × 10^–6	1.3 × 10^–7
金山区	12.60	10.01	10.47	10.32	1.3 × 10^–6	1.3 × 10^–7
松江区	12.55	9.96	10.42	10.29	1.2 × 10^–6	1.3 × 10^–7
青浦区	10.73	8.52	8.91	8.76	1.1 × 10^–6	1.1 × 10^–7
奉贤区	9.26	7.35	7.69	7.58	9.2 × 10^–7	9.8 × 10^–8
崇明区	8.46	6.72	7.03	6.93	8.4 × 10^–7	9.1 × 10^–8

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