浮床植物种植密度和面积对水体氮、磷去除的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄菖蒲 (Iris pseudacorus L.) 浮床作为实验对象, 通过水箱控制实验, 设置了4株/m²、8株/m²、12株/m²、16株/m²及20株/m²等5个浮床植物种植密度和对照组, 以及实验浮床面积 (记为S, 80 cm×80 cm)、50%S和25%S等3个种植面积, 研究了浮床植物种植密度和面积对水体氮、磷去除效果的影响. 结果表明: 黄菖蒲浮床能显著去除水体的总氮 (p<0.05), 而对总磷的去除不显著 (p>0.05). 浮床植物种植密度对水体中氮、磷浓度有显著影响 (p<0.05), 在16株/m²的种植密度下总氮的去除率最高, 在8株/m²时总磷去除率最高, 而在12株/m²时氮、磷去除率均为最低. 种植密度的变化对茎叶和根系的氮、磷去除贡献率均有显著影响 (p<0.05), 在12株/m²和16株/m²时高于其他低密度组和高密度组. 浮床种植面积的变化对水体总磷的去除率有显著影响 (p<0.05), 而对水体总氮的去除率影响不显著 (p>0.05). 种植面积增加有利于提升磷的去除效果. 种植面积的变化对根系氮、磷去除贡献率有显著影响 (p<0.05), 均在50%S下达最高. 种植密度和面积的变化均会改变植物的种植间距和生存空间, 在不同程度上影响植物的生物量和氮、磷等营养分配, 表现出植物茎叶和根系的不同生长特征. 植物对水体氮、磷的吸收去除能力不仅依赖于植物总生物量和养分储量, 还取决于茎叶与根系吸收作用的协同. 因此, 在浮床实际应用中, 应根据水质特征, 选择适宜的种植密度和种植面积.

关键词: 浮床, 种植密度, 种植面积, 氮、磷去除

Abstract:

The study investigated the effects of planting density and area of floating-bed plants on the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from water using the floating-bed of Iris pseudacorus L. as the experimental subject. Five planting densities (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 plants/m²) and one control group were set via a water tank control experiment. Additionally, three planting areas were established, namely S (representing the experimental floating-bed area of 80 cm×80 cm), 50%S, and 25%S. The results showed that the floating-bed of I. pseudacorus significantly reduced the total nitrogen content in the water (p<0.05), but not the total phosphorus content (p>0.05). Moreover, planting density significantly affected the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in water (p<0.05). The total nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate was the highest at 16 and 8 plants/m², respectively. In contrast, both nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were the lowest at 12 plants/m². The variation of planting density significantly affected the contribution rates of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by stems, leaves, and roots (p<0.05). The contribution rates in 12 and 16 plants/m² were higher than those in other low- and high-density groups. The variation of floating-bed planting area also significantly affected the total phosphorus removal rate from water (p<0.05), but not the total nitrogen removal rate from water (p>0.05). An increased planting area was beneficial for enhancing the phosphorus removal, while variations in the planting area significantly affected the contribution rate of roots to nitrogen and phosphorus removal (p<0.05), with the highest values for 50%S. Variations in planting density or area can alter the planting distance and living space of plants, affecting the plant biomass and nutrient distribution, such as nitrogen and phosphorus distributions to varying degrees, and influencing the different growth characteristics of plant stems, leaves, and roots. The ability of plants to absorb and remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water depends not only on the total plant biomass and nutrient reserves, but also the synergy of the absorption through stems, leaves, and roots. Therefore, in the practical application of floating-bed, the proper planting density and area should be selected according to the characteristics of water quality.

Key words: floating-bed, planting density, planting area, nitrogen and phosphorus removal

中图分类号:

X522

江曙帆, 童春富, 王涛, 张胜楠, 欧阳威. 浮床植物种植密度和面积对水体氮、磷去除的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(3): 161-173.

Shufan JIANG, Chunfu TONG, Tao WANG, Shengnan ZHANG, Wei OUYANG. Effects of planting density and area of floating-bed plants on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(3): 161-173.

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种植密度/ (株/m²)	种植面积	水体氮去除量/ mg	水体氮去除率/ %	植物氮累积量/mg		氮去除贡献率/%
种植密度/ (株/m²)	种植面积	水体氮去除量/ mg	水体氮去除率/ %	茎叶	根系	茎叶	根系	总贡献率
0	S	126.40±16.50^c	12.89±1.68^c	–	–	–	–	–
4	S	265.30±5.17^ab	27.05±0.53^ab	52.78±2.35^bc	–0.62±1.40^a	19.95±1.17^bc	–0.25±0.53^a	19.70±1.00^cd
8	S	260.40±21.70^abA	26.55±2.21^abA	32.95±6.76^cA	0.29±2.82^aB	12.74±2.58^cA	0.12±1.10^aB	12.86±1.52^dA
12	S	193.39±16.23^bc	19.72±1.66^bc	41.56±6.64^bc	15.99±5.65^a	22.45±4.78^bc	8.77±3.21^a	31.22±5.95^bc
16	S	283.28±49.82^a	28.89±5.08^a	125.13±18.01^a	13.33±10.37^a	46.01±6.26^a	5.58±3.73^a	51.59±5.48^a
20	S	230.97±25.33^ab	23.55±2.58^ab	67.28±11.13^b	17.07±12.26^a	30.77±6.98^b	6.99±5.90^a	37.76±4.06^b
8	50%S	268.54±8.17^A	27.38±0.83^A	24.20±2.73^A	22.82±1.02^A	8.96±0.82^A	8.51±0.34^A	17.46±0.88^A
8	25%S	234.21±36.20^A	23.88±3.69^A	17.05±5.89^A	19.35±6.52^A	8.72±4.09^A	8.51±2.34^A	17.24±4.26^A

种植密度/ (株/m²)	种植面积	水体磷去除量/ mg	水体磷去除率/ %	植物磷累积量/mg		磷去除贡献率/%
种植密度/ (株/m²)	种植面积	水体磷去除量/ mg	水体磷去除率/ %	茎叶	根系	茎叶	根系	总贡献率
0	S	44.46±0.73^abc	44.19±0.73^abc	–	–	–	–	–
4	S	34.96±4.88^cd	34.75±4.85^cd	10.87±0.66^b	2.31±0.28^b	32.72±4.10^ab	7.48±2.13^b	40.20±6.04^bc
8	S	48.78±1.66^aA	48.47±1.65^aA	6.76±1.49^bA	5.49±1.21^bB	13.92±3.11^bA	11.22±2.42^bB	25.14±0.87^cB
12	S	26.78±4.23^d	26.62±4.20^d	6.73±2.35^b	14.11±2.32^a	27.87±9.01^ab	60.36±16.93^a	88.23±22.21^a
16	S	46.18±3.37^ab	45.90±3.35^ab	22.26±2.52^a	16.54±3.88^a	49.86±8.51^a	35.65±7.40^ab	85.51±8.24^ab
20	S	38.00±3.10^bc	37.77±3.08^bc	7.93±2.30^b	8.72±3.73^ab	22.55±8.47^b	25.93±13.55^b	48.48±21.61^abc
8	50%S	30.84±1.82^B	30.65±1.80^B	3.70±0.70^A	17.17±0.37^A	11.75±1.51^A	56.31±3.94^A	68.06±2.64^A
8	25%S	35.40±2.75^B	35.18±2.73^B	2.49±1.40^A	6.31±1.68^B	7.25±3.71^A	17.19±3.93^B	24.45±6.04^B

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