上海浦东新区的绿地、林地、湿地是其重要生态栖息地，同时构成基本生态网络。受城市人口不断增加和经济快速增长影响，上海浦东新区建成区快速扩张，生态栖息地资源不断减少，斑块破碎化加大，基本生态网络连通性下降，生态功能下降。本项研究以2011年福卫二号高分辨率遥感影像为基础数据，结合地面调查，通过面向对象遥感分类方法和人工交互后处理，获得浦东新区绿地、林地、湿地土地利用现状。在GIS技术支持下，采用多层次权重、最小费用路径法和重力模型对浦东新区生态网络结构进行了定量分析与评价。结果表明：（1）浦东新区湿地、林绿地总面积17.99万hm2，占区域面积的65.41%，生态用地比重较大；（2）生态适宜性较强的大型斑块较少，且南北不均；（3）林地是组成研究区生态网络的优势景观要素类型，10 m缓冲结果中林地占51.39%；（4）由重力模型得到生态斑块间作用强度可知，九段沙及南汇东滩禁猎区生态区位十分重要；（5）随着生态廊道缓冲距离的增加，土地利用方式变化巨大，生态用地减少、建设用地增加.
Grassland, forest land and wetland are ecological habitats and elements of the basic urban ecological network of Pudong New Area in Shanghai. Due to the rapid growth in population and economy, the builtup area of Pudong New Area expands quickly, which result in the ecological habitats area decrease and fragmentation. The immediate consequences are the lowering of its ecological function and connectivity of the ecological networks. Using high resolution images from satellite FW2 acquired in 2011 and in combination with the ground investigations, we obtain the land use and land cover data of grass lands, forests land and wetlands by applying objectoriented remote sensing classification method and visualpostprocessing method. Supported by GIS techniques, we useseveral quantitative analysis algorithms, including Multilevel Weights, LeastCost Path and Gravity Model, to quantify the structure ofthe ecological network. The results show that: (1) the total area of grass lands, forest landsand wetlands in Pudong New Area is 179.9×103 hm2 , which is 65.41% of the total area; (2) there are few large patches with strong ecological suitability, and imbalanced along north-south direction; (3)the forest landsare the superior landscape type in the ecological network of the study area and make up 51.39% in the 10meterwidth ecological buffer zone; (4)Jiuduansha Wetland and Nanhui Dongtan Wildlife Sanctuary play important roles in ecological niche; and (5)land use structure changes rabidly with the increase of buffer distance, that is the ecological habitats reduce while building area increases.
FREEMUTH J C. Islands under Siege: National Parks and the Politics of External Threats［M］. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991.
COLLINGE S K. Ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation: implications for landscape architecture and planning［J］. Landscape and UrbanPlanning, 1996, 36 (1):59 97.
ROB J, GLORIA P.生态网络与绿道: 概念, 设计与实施［M］. 余青,陈海沐,梁莺莺译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
陆同伟,宋珂,杨秀,等. 基于生态适宜度分析的城市用地规划研究——以杭州市东南部生态带保护和控制规划为例［J］.复旦学报：自然科学版，2011,50(2):245251.
BASCHAK L A, BROWN R D. An ecological framework for the planning, design and management of urban river greenways［J］. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995, 33:211225.
王海珍,张利权.基于GIS、景观格局和网络分析法的厦门本岛生态网络规划［J］.植物生态学报,2005(1):144152.
王祥荣. 论生态城市建设的理论、途径与措施——以上海为例［J］. 复旦学报：自然科学版，2001, 40(4):349354.
鲁敏,杨东兴,刘佳,等.济南绿地生态网络体系的规划布局与构建［J］. 中国生态农业学报, 2010(3):600605.
陈爽,王进,詹志勇.生态景观与城市形态整合研究［J］.地理科学进展,2004,23(5):6777．
JACK A. Greenways as a planning strategy ［J］. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995, 33:131155.
王云才,刘悦来. 城市景观生态网络规划的空间模式应用探讨［J］. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009(9):819824.
王云才. 上海市城市景观生态网络连接度评价［J］.地理研究, 2009(2):284292.
郭微,俞龙生,孙延军,等. 佛山市顺德中心城区城市绿地生态网络规划［J］.生态学杂志, 2012(4):10221027.
孔繁花,尹海伟. 济南城市绿地生态网络构建［J］. 生态学报, 2008(4):17111719.
傅强,宋军,毛锋,等. 青岛市湿地生态网络评价与构建［J］. 生态学报, 2012(12):36703680.
韩英.经济全球化对浦东新区环境保护的压力与对策［J］. 上海环境科学,2003(2):104109.
马凤,蔡永立. 上海临港新城开发对土地利用及生态系统服务价值的影响［J］. 复旦学报：自然科学版, 2013,52(1):6977.
FORMAN R T T. Corridors in a landscape: their ecological structure and function［J］. Ekologia, 1983, 2(4):375387.
DAUBER J, HIRSCH M, SIMMERING D, et al. Landscape structure as an indicator of biodiversity: matrix effects on species richness［J］. AgricultureEcosystems and Environment, 2003, 98:321329.
高赛男. 基于最小路径方法的南京城市绿地网络构建［J］. 山东师范大学学报：自然科学版，2009, 24(3): 9093.
KNAAPEN J P,SCHEFFER M,HARMS B. Estimating habitat isolation in landscape［J］. Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):116．
赵琳,田永中.三峡库区城镇建设用地生态适宜性评价——以涪陵新区为例［C］. 山地环境与生态文明建设——中国地理学会2013年学术年会西南片区会议论文集,2013.
陈元涛. 基于GIS的道路智能化选线方法研究［D］. 重庆:重庆交通大学,2012.
蔡青. 基于景观生态学的城市空间格局演变规律分析与生态安全格局构建［D］. 湖南:湖南大学, 2012.
尹发能,王学雷.基于最小累计阻力模型的四湖流域景观生态规划研究［J］.华中农业大学学报,2010(2):231235.
尹海伟,孔繁花, 祈毅,等. 湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化［J］. 生态学报, 2011(10):28632874.
中国综合性科技类核心期刊(北大核心)