本文基于长江口崇明东滩气象站实测资料，给出逐月平均和主导风速及风向.观测资料和统计结果表明，从1月至12月，各月平均风速分别为4.2、4.6、4.9、4.9、4.7、4.4、4.9、4.9、4.5、4.0、4.1和4.3 m/s，平均风向分别为N、NE、NE、SE、SE、SE、S、SE、NE、NE、N和N.统计给出了各月第一、第二风向频率风，最大平均风速所在方位风，强风风向优势和风速优势风的风向、频率和平均速度.总体来看，长江口具有春夏季盛行东南风、秋冬季盛行偏北风的亚热带季风特征.强风频率有明显的季节性变化，3、4月和7、8月明显高于其他月份，且3、4月明显低于7、8月份，分别达到了0.8%和1.52%，相对应的平均风速为11.5和12.4 m/s.
The wind plays an important role in circulation, mixing, saltwater intrusion and sediment transport in the Changjiang estuary. Based on the observed wind speed and direction by the weather station at the Chongming eastern beach from December 2007 to February 2014，the wind rose diagrams and seasonal wind variations are presented and analyzed. From January to December, the mean wind speeds in each month are 4.2, 4.6, 4.9, 4.9, 4.7, 4.4, 4.9, 4.9, 4.5, 4.0, 4.1 and 4.3 m/s, mean wind directions in each month are N, NE, NE, SE, SE, SE, S, SE, NE, NE, N and N, respectively. Wind direction, frequency and averaged wind speed of the wind with the first, second wind direction frequency, the maximum average wind speed direction, strong wind direction domain and strong wind speed domain in each month are presented statistically. In overall, the wind at the Chongming eastern shoal has the feature of subtropical zone monsoon, prevailing southeasterly wind in spring and summer, and northerly wind in autumn and winter. The strong wind has an obvious seasonal variation, its frequencies in March, April and July, August are distinct higher than in other months. The strong wind frequencies in July and August is higher than in March and April, reaches to 0.8% and 1.52% with mean wind speed of 11.5 and 12.4 m/s. The wind at the Changjiang mouth is the basic dynamic factor in the study of dynamics process and material transport there.
［1］LI L, ZHU J R, WU H. Impacts of wind stress on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary［J］. Sci China Earth Sci, 2012, 55:11781192.
［2］LI L, ZHU J R, WU H, et al. A numerical study on the water diversion ratio of the Changjiang Estuary during the dry season ［J］. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2010, 28 (3):700712.
［3］MACDONALD D G, GEYER W R. Turbulent energy production and entrainment at a highly stratified estuarine front［J］. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109:C05004.
［4］MELLOR G L, YAMADA T. Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problem［J］. Rev Geophys, 1982, 20, 851875.
［5］LIU G F, ZHU J R, WANG Y Y, et al. Tripod measured residual currents and sediment flux: Impacts on the siltingof the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang Estuary ［J］. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 2011, 93:192201.
［6］GEIBI G P, CHANT R J, WILKIN J. Breaking surface wave effects on river plume dynamics during upwelling favorable winds ［J］. J phys Oceanogr, 2013, 43:19591980.
［7］QIU C, ZHU J R. Influence of seasonal runoff regulation by the Three Gorges Reservoir on saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang River Estuary ［J］. Continental Shelf Research, 2013, 71:1626.
［8］QIU C, ZHU J R. Assessing the influence of sealevel rise on salt transport processes and estuarine circulation in the Changjiang River estuary ［J］. Journal of Coastal Research,2013, 71: 1626.
［9］LI L, ZHU J R, WU H, et al. Lateral saltwater intrusion in the north channel of the Changjiang Estuary ［J］. Estuaries and Coasts, 2014,37:3655.
［10］上海市海岛资源综合调查报告［M］.上海：上海科学技术出版社，1996: 1213.
［11］王金钊.常见风参数的几种平均方法［J］.气象，1984(1)：2832.
［12］姚永明, 姚雷, 邓伟涛. 长江中下游地区类寒潮发生频次的变化特征分析［J］. 气象, 2011, 37(3): 339344.
［13］石少华，李爱平，沙伟. 影响长江口区热带气旋的特征分析［J］. 海洋通报，2005，24(1): 1822.
中国综合性科技类核心期刊(北大核心)