象山港是我国典型的狭长型半封闭海湾生态系统，然而近年来在人类活动的作用下，海湾的资源、环境和服务功能出现退化.本研究以象山港海湾生态系统为研究对象，基于生态承载力理论，构建象山港海湾生态系统综合承载力评价指标体系，分别从资源供给能力、环境纳污能力和人类支持能力等三个方面评价象山港海湾生态系统综合承载力.研究结果表明，2003—2011年，象山港海湾生态系统环境纳污能力表现为逐年下降的趋势，且过载区域面积所占比例也从2003年的17.2%，逐年增加到2011年的41.8%，水体无机氮和活性磷酸盐是造成海湾各功能区环境纳污能力过载的主要环境因子；资源供给能力逐年下降，可载区域面积所占比例从2003年的87.4%，逐年下降到2011年的0.1%，表现为从海湾口门处向内湾逐渐降低的趋势；人类支持能力可载区域面积所占比例略有改善，处于可载状态.基于环境纳污能力、资源供给能力和人类支持能力的象山港海湾生态系统综合承载力也逐年下降，表现为过载区域的面积逐年增加，内湾的综合承载力低于口门，其中环境纳污能力下降是造成象山港海湾生态系统综合承载力过载的主要原因.研究结果客观地反映了象山港海湾生态系统综合承载力状况，文章提出的海湾生态系统承载力的评估方法和模式可应用到我国其他海湾生态系统，为我国海湾生态系统修复和管理提供了理论依据和技术支撑.
Xiangshan bay is a typical longnarrow and semienclosed bay ecosystem in China. In recent years, human activities have caused degradation of resources, environment and service function in Xiangshan bay. In this study, taking Xiangshan bay ecosystem as a case study, based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity, an integrated carrying capacity indicator system was developed from resource supply capacity, environmental carrying capacity and human supporting capacity for the assessment of Xiangshan bay ecosystem carrying capacity. The results indicated that the environmental carrying capacity decreased in Xiangshan bay during 2003 to 2011. The proportion of overloaded area increased from 17.2% in 2003 to 41.8% in 2011. Water inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate were the main reasons caused environmental carrying capacity overloaded. Resource supply capacity had gradually decreased during 2003 to 2011 and showed a declined trend from the mouth to inwards of the bay. The proportion of loaded area decreased from 87.4% in 2003 to 0.1% in 2011 Human supporting capacity were loaded and improved slightly. The integrated carrying capacity decreased yearly from the mouth to inwards of bay and overloaded area increased yearly which was mainly caused by overload of environmental carrying capacity. The results of this study could objectively reveal the integrated carrying capacity of Xiangshan bay ecosystem. The assessment methods and model of integrated carrying capacity could be flexibly applied to other bay ecosystem and provide a feasible technical approach and demonstration cases for other comparable coastal zones in China.
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中国综合性科技类核心期刊(北大核心)