China and Laos are neighbors by water. The two countries are both located in Asia and their cooperation is not only limited to human interaction; China and Laos also have strong economic collaboration. Under the proposed Belt and Road Initiative, the economic cooperation between China will enable Laos to further develop its economic sector. In particular, the adoption of the China-Indochina Economic Corridor Initiative since 2016 has laid the foundation for the expansion of economic cooperation and the development of the economic integration model between China and Laos. This article offers an overview of the Belt and Road strategy. It analyzes the economic cooperation between China and Laos, and then explores the economy of China and Laos under the context of “One Belt One Road”, relative to the modes, industrial structures, and levels of economic cooperation. The development opportunities aim to strengthen mutual understanding of the economic cooperation between the two countries.