Progress and critical issues in research on micro- and nanoplastics in human body

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Micro- and nanoplastics (M-NPs) are ubiquitous in the natural environment and have become a topic of concern. However, due to the lack of key data on human exposure to M-NPs, our understanding of the potential health risks posed by the entry of M-NPs into the human body is still limited. Current research indicates that M-NPs are commonly found in various parts of the human body. However, the experimental analysis techniques for M-NPs in the human body have not yet been standardized, with the main differences lying in sample pretreatment and detection methods. This increases the difficulty of conducting systematic research on the distribution, transfer, accumulation, and excretion of M-NPs in the human body. In addition, the study of nanoplastics (< 1 μm) still faces insurmountable technical obstacles. The experimental research results of M-NPs standard samples, although instructive, do not fully reflect the exposure risks of M-NPs in the real environment, and thus, do not have universal scientific significance. This review aims to provide direction for the standardization of experimental analysis and risk assessment for M-NPs in the human body.

Key words: micro- and nanoplastics, human exposure, experimental analysis methods, health risks, standardization of risk assessment

CLC Number:

Tiefeng CUI, Daoji LI. Progress and critical issues in research on micro- and nanoplastics in human body[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 2

Table 1

Fig.1

References 53

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样品	丰度	形状	尺寸/μm	材质类型	检测方法	文献
痰液	39.5 个/(10 mL) (18.75 ~ 91.75) 个/(10 mL)	纤维	20 ~ 500	PU, CPE	FTIR, LDIR	[16]
肺	0.85 个/g	颗粒, 纤维	1.60 ~ 16.80	PP, PE, 棉	Raman	[17]
	(0.69 ± 0.84) 个/g	纤维, 碎片, 薄膜	12 ~ 2475	PP, PET, 人造丝	FTIR	[18]
	28.4 个/g	纤维, 碎片	0.8 ~ 1750	棉, PET, 苯氧树脂	Raman, FTIR, SEM/EDS, LDIR	[19]
下呼吸道 (BALF)	纤维: 9.18 ± 2.45; 颗粒: (0.57 ± 0.27) 个/(100 mL)	纤维, 颗粒	1730 ± 150, 140 ~ 9960	PP, 人造丝, PET	SEM-EDS, FTIR	[20]
唾液	0.33 个/(ind·d)	纤维	< 100	-	Raman	[21]
结肠	(28.1 ± 15.4) 个/g	纤维	800 ~ 1600	PC, PA, PP	FTIR, SEM-EDS	[22]
脾	1.1 个/g	-	-	-	Raman	[10]
肝	4.6 个/g	碎片, 球体	4 ~ 30	PET, PS, PVC	Raman	[10]
粪便	20 个/(10 g)(ww)	碎片, 薄膜	50 ~ 500	PP, PET, PE	FTIR	[23]
	1 ~ 36 个/g (dw)	-	20 ~ 800	PP, PET, PS	FTIR	[24]
	-	纤维, 碎片	50 ~ 300	PVB, PBT	Raman	[25]
	28 ~ 41.8 个/g (dm)	薄膜, 纤维,碎片, 颗粒	-	PET, PA, PP	Raman	[26]
	3.33 ~ 13.99 μg/g	-	-	PE, PP, PS	Raman	[2]
	6.94 ~ 16.55 μg/g	-	-	PP, PE, PS	Raman	[27]
	20.4 ~ 138.9 个/g	纤维, 碎片	40.2 ~ 4812.9	PS, PP, PE	Raman	[28]
	PET: 2200 ~ 16000 ng/g, PC: 37 ~ 620 ng/g	-	-	PET, PC	HPLC	[24]
粪便和尿液	粪便: 691.14 μg/g 尿液: 11.05 μg/mL	碎片, 纤维, 薄膜	0.22 ~ 446.03	PE, PET, PP	LDIR, TD-GC/MS	[29]
乳汁	0 ~ 2.72 个/g	碎片, 球体	2 ~ 12	PE, PVC, PP	Raman	[11]
胎盘	0.13 个/g	碎片, 球体	5 ~ 10	PP	Raman	[30]
	-	碎片	2.1 ~ 18.5	-	SEM-EDS	[31]
	0.28 ~ 9.55, (2.7 ± 2.65) 个/g	碎片, 纤维	20.34 ~ 307.29	PVC, PP, PBS	LDIR	[32]
	-	-	> 50	PE, PP, PS	FTIR	[33]
精液	0 ~ 2.5 个/mL	碎片, 球体	2 ~ 6	PP, PS, PET	Raman	[34]
心脏	0 ~ 75504 个/g	-	20 ~ 469	PET, PU, PE	LDIR	[35]
血液	1.6 μg/mL	-	> 0.7	PET, PE, PS	Py-GC/MS	[12]
	0 ~ 622 个/mL	-	20 ~ 184	PA, PET, PU	LDIR	[35]
	PE: (21.7 ± 24.5) μg/mg PVC: (5.2 ± 2.4) μg/mg	-	< 0.2	PE, PVC	Py-GC/MS	[36]
	1070 ng/mL	-	> 0.3	PE, PVC, PET	Py-GC/MS	[37]
血栓	1 ~ 15 个/g	碎片	2.1 ~ 26	PE	Raman	[38]