华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)

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上海常见绿化树种叶片上PM2.5干沉降速率及影响因素

章旭毅[1,2,4], 殷 杉[1,2,3,4], 江 畅[1,2,3], 熊 峰[1,2],  朱鹏华[1,3,4], 周丕生[1,2]   

  1. 1. 上海交通大学 农业与生物学院, 上海 200240;
    2. 上海城市森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 上海 200240;
    3. 上海交通大学 低碳农业研究中心, 上海 200240;
    4. 农业部都市农业(南方)重点实验室, 上海 200240
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-23 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2017-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 殷 杉, 男, 讲师, 主要研究领域为城市森林生态系统服务. E-mail: yinshan@sjtu.edu.cn.
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400605); 上海交通大学现代农业交叉基金(2014007)

PM2.5 deposition velocity and impact factors on leaves of typical tree species in Shanghai

ZHANG Xu-yi[1,2,4],  YIN Shan[1,2,3,4], JIANG Chang[1,2,3], XIONG Feng[1,2],  ZHU Peng-hua[1,3,4], ZHOU Pi-sheng[1,2]   

  1. 1. School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    2. Shanghai Urban Forest Research Station, State Forestry Administration, Shanghai 200240, China
    3. Research Centre of Low Carbon Agriculture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
    4. Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200240, China
  • Received:2016-05-23 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2017-01-13

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摘要：

利用城市的绿化和植被来削减大气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染, 是城市应对大气污染的措施之一. 本研究首先通过强风吹脱的方法, 在不同季节测定了上海市15种常见园林树种叶片表面的(PM2.5)干沉降速率, 并且对各植物叶片的蜡质含量、表面粗糙度和表面自由能等参数进行了测定, 建立回归模型, 研究植被滞尘能力与植物叶片自身特性的关系. 结果表明, 广玉兰、圆柏和罗汉松等树种的叶片具有较高的(PM2.5)干沉降速率, 滞尘能力较强; 叶片蜡质含量、表面自由能色散分量、表面自由能极性分量、轮廓算术平均偏差(Ra)这4项指标对于常绿树种的滞尘能力具有显著影响; 叶片的表面自由能极性分量对落叶树种具有显著性影响; 各指标对针叶树种都不具有显著影响. 因此, 为提高植物对大气的净化作用, 可选滞尘能力较好用针叶树种的和紫叶李、广玉兰以及槐等阔叶树种.

关键词: 细颗粒污染物(PM2.5), 绿化树种, 干沉降速率, 叶片特性

Abstract:

The use of urban vegetation has become one of the most important measures to reduce fine particles pollution (PM2.5) in the atmosphere. In this study, PM2.5 dry deposition velocities of 15 common-planted greening trees in Shanghai were firstly measured through strongly blowing method. Wax content, surface roughness and surface free energy of each plant leaves were determined, and the regression model was built to explore the relationship between leaves’ characters and their abilities to detain particles. The results has shown that leaves of Magnolia grandiflora, Podocarpus macrophyllus, Sabina chinensis and some other tree species have a higher PM2.5 dry deposition velocity, which has strong capability of detaining dust; wax content, polar component, dispersion component and arithmetical mean deviation of the profile (Ra) are significant to evergreen trees while insignificant to conifers, and polar component is significant to deciduous trees. Therefore, to improve the particles purification of plants, it is highly recommended that coniferous tree species, broad-leaved trees, such as Prunus cerasifera, Magnolia grandiflora and Sophora japonica and some other trees of high dust retention abilities, should be better options in practice.

Key words: fine particles pollution (PM2.5), greening tree species, dry deposition velocity, leaves characters