生境片断化对城市残存森林木本植物物种丰富度的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.003

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2022, Vol. 2022 ›› Issue (3): 17-26.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.03.003

生境片断化对城市残存森林木本植物物种丰富度的影响

梁红¹(), 达良俊², 宋坤², 周春玲¹, 高志文², 王凯^1,^3,*()

1. 青岛农业大学园林与林学院, 山东青岛　266109
2. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
3. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京　100085

收稿日期:2021-08-10 接受日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-05-19
通讯作者: 王凯 E-mail:hslh24@163.com;dlwangkai@163.com
作者简介:梁　红, 女, 副教授, 硕士生导师, 研究方向为城市生态学. E-mail: hslh24@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31770468); 国家自然科学基金青年基金(31800448); 国家科技基础性工作专项 (2015FY210200-4); 上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室开放基金 (SHUES2018A03); 青岛农业大学高层次人才科研基金 (6631118009, 6631119001)

Influence of habitat fragments on the richness of remnant natural forest species

Hong LIANG¹(), Liangjun DA², Kun SONG², Chunling ZHOU¹, Zhiwen GAO², Kai WANG^1,^3,*()

1. School of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong　266109, China
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing　100085, China

Received:2021-08-10 Accepted:2021-12-10 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-05-19
Contact: Kai WANG E-mail:hslh24@163.com;dlwangkai@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究生境片断化对城市残存植被物种丰富度的影响, 以经典的岛屿生物地理学理论为基础, 选取了青岛市区内崂山余脉的13个丘陵为岛屿, 以崂山为大陆, 除斑块面积、距离种源远近外, 增加斑块隔离度和人为干扰强度2个影响因子, 通过CCA分析量化影响因子与物种组成的关系, 以其影响因素的矢量线段长短赋予各影响因子权重, 形成岛屿化综合指数(Isolated Island Index, III), 探讨其与物种丰富度的关系. 结果表明, 城市中片断化森林斑块的物种丰富度与岛屿化综合指数的关系随着种类性质的变化而不同. 乡土物种丰富度与岛屿化综合指数有显著关系, 外来物种无此关系; 鸟类传播和风力传播物种的丰富度与岛屿化综合指数有显著关系, 重力传播物种无此关系. 线性函数是最佳的拟合模型.

关键词: 残存森林斑块, 生境片断化, 物种丰富度

Abstract:

Based on the classical theory of island biogeography, thirteen remnant forest patches of fragmented urban habitats were chosen as islands, and the Lao Mountain as the mainland. Then, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to analyze the relationship between species composition and four factors — namely, patch area, distance to species pool, human disturbance intensity, and isolation degree. The lengths of vectors in CCA biplots were used as weights for each influencing factor to calculate the overall sum, named the isolated island index (III); an isolated island index evaluation system of forest patches in fragmented urban habitats was subsequently designed. The results indicated that the relationship between III and richness was significantly negative for native species, but not significant for alien species richness. There was a significant relationship found for bird dispersal and wind dispersal species. The linear function was determined to be the best simulating model.

Key words: remnant natural forests, habitat fragment, species richness

中图分类号:

Q948

梁红, 达良俊, 宋坤, 周春玲, 高志文, 王凯. 生境片断化对城市残存森林木本植物物种丰富度的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(3): 17-26.

Hong LIANG, Liangjun DA, Kun SONG, Chunling ZHOU, Zhiwen GAO, Kai WANG. Influence of habitat fragments on the richness of remnant natural forest species[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(3): 17-26.

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片断化森林名称	斑块面积(A)/hm²	与种源距离(L)/km	人为干扰强度(H)	斑块隔离度(I)/hm²
浮山	700.00	19.54	1	50.74
太平山	56.64	25.90	2	208.81
青岛山	17.26	26.86	2	228.27
信号山	6.11	27.90	3	228.27
伏龙山	2.38	27.55	3	228.27
北岭山	46.54	21.78	3	315.40
嘉定山	17.98	21.96	3	315.40
牛毛山	9.10	17.15	3	380.10
小鱼山	2.50	27.51	4	228.27
贮水山	18.23	26.62	3	368.63
观象山	6.30	28.00	4	291.98
观海山	0.56	28.33	4	291.98
坛顶山	4.30	22.01	4	367.48

干扰等级	定义
1 无人为干扰
2 弱度人为干扰	单一干扰方式
3 中度人为干扰	双重干扰方式
4 强度人为干扰	多重干扰方式

影响因子	符号	具体解释
斑块面积	A	各丘陵面积, 由遥感图片测量得出
与种源距离	L	与崂山距离, 由遥感图片测量得出
人为干扰强度	H	1 为无人为干扰, 2 为弱度人为干扰, 3 为中度人为干扰, 4 为强度人为干扰
斑块隔离度	I	片断化森林斑块所处 2 km × 2 km网格内不透水面积

森林名称	归一化值				岛屿化综合指数
森林名称	A	L	H	I	岛屿化综合指数
浮山	1.000	0.690	0.250	0.133	0.921
太平山	0.081	0.914	0.500	0.549	1.412
青岛山	0.025	0.948	0.500	0.601	1.449
信号山	0.009	0.985	0.750	0.601	1.523
伏龙山	0.003	0.972	0.750	0.601	1.523
北岭山	0.066	0.769	0.750	0.830	1.529
嘉定山	0.026	0.775	0.750	0.830	1.543
牛毛山	0.013	0.605	0.750	1.000	1.562
小鱼山	0.004	0.971	1.000	0.601	1.585
贮水山	0.026	0.940	0.750	0.970	1.610
观象山	0.009	0.988	1.000	0.768	1.632
观海山	0.001	1.000	1.000	0.768	1.637
坛顶山	0.006	0.777	1.000	0.967	1.649
影响因子权重值	0.300	0.178	0.252	0.270

物种生活型	物种丰富度-岛屿化综合指数
物种生活型	最适函数	拟合函数	R²
总体	对数函数	y = 59.6 – 76.2lnx	0.619
乔木	线性函数	y = 1.828 – 0.023x	0.692
灌木	线性函数	y = 1.789 – 0.026x	0.780
藤本	线性函数	y = 1.722 – 0.085x	0.761
常绿	线性函数	y = 1.665 – 0.077x	0.420
落叶	线性函数	y = 1.818 – 0.012x	0.781
针叶	线性函数	y = 1.554 – 0.633x	0.861
阔叶	线性函数	y = 1.827 – 0.012x	0.794

生境片断化对城市残存森林木本植物物种丰富度的影响

Influence of habitat fragments on the richness of remnant natural forest species

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种子传播类型	物种丰富度-岛屿化综合指数
种子传播类型	最适函数	拟合函数	R²
重力传播
鸟类传播	线性函数	y = 100.1 – 53.3x	0.849
风力传播	对数函数	y = 11.8 – 13.3lnx	0.504

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