华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 2025 ›› Issue (2): 106-120.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.011

• 环境监测技术与评价分析 • 上一篇    

露天煤矿排土场重金属污染情况及其影响因子

牛海1(), 华宇鹏2, 马丽杰3, 张硕4, 管瑞杨4, 盛敏4, 段文艳4,*()   

  1. 1. 鄂尔多斯市水旱灾害防御技术中心, 内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010
    2. 鄂尔多斯应用技术学院, 内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010
    3. 鄂尔多斯生态环境职业学院, 内蒙古 鄂尔多斯 017010
    4. 西北农林科技大学 林学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-20 接受日期:2023-11-08 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 段文艳 E-mail:niuhai27@126.com;duanwenyan1995@163.com
  • 作者简介:牛 海, 男, 高级工程师, 研究方向为农业高效节水灌溉及生态环境治理. E-mail: niuhai27@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项和科技计划项目 (2019ZD065); 鄂尔多斯市应用技术研究与开发项目

Factors influencing heavy metal pollution in open-pit coal mine dumps

Hai NIU1(), Yupeng HUA2, Lijie MA3, Shuo ZHANG4, Ruiyang GUAN4, Min SHENG4, Wenyan DUAN4,*()   

  1. 1. Ordos Flood and Drought Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017010, China
    2. Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017010, China
    3. Ordos Vacational College of Eco-Environment, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017010, China
    4. College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
  • Received:2023-01-20 Accepted:2023-11-08 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-27
  • Contact: Wenyan DUAN E-mail:niuhai27@126.com;duanwenyan1995@163.com

摘要:

为探明露天煤矿排土场重金属污染情况及其影响因子, 以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市石圪台和黑岱沟两座露天煤矿的排土场作为研究对象, 分析了各排土场东、西、南、北、东北、西北、东南和西南8个方位的土壤理化性质、土壤结构、重金属污染情况 (采用单因子评价指数进行评估) 及其相互关系, 为因地制宜地选择矿区生态修复方案提供了指导. 分析结果表明: ① 土壤理化性质、土壤结构及重金属污染情况在石圪台和黑岱沟矿区间差异显著; ② 石圪台土壤全磷和黑岱沟土壤全钾在不同方位间差异显著; ③ 石圪台的Cd为重污染, Mn为微污染; 黑岱沟的Cd为重污染, Cu和Ni为微污染; ④ 石圪台Cd的污染程度在不同方位间差异显著, 而Mn的污染程度与方位无关; 黑岱沟Ni的污染程度在不同方位间差异显著, 而Cd和Cu的污染程度与方位无关; ⑤ 石圪台Cd和黑岱沟Ni的污染程度在不同方位间的变化趋势与其地势的变化基本一致, 即地势越低重金属污染越重; ⑥ 相关分析结果表明, 重金属污染程度与土壤pH、全钾含量和大粒径土壤颗粒占比关系密切. 综上, 不同矿区排土场的重金属污染程度不同, 其主要原因与排土场地势、土壤肥力水平和土壤结构有关.

关键词: 矿区排土场, 土壤理化性质, 土壤结构, 土壤重金属污染

Abstract:

In this study, two open-pit coal mine dumps in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, namely, Shigetai and Heidaigou, were selected as research subjects. Soil physicochemical properties, structure, heavy metal pollution (assessed using a single-factor evaluation index), and their interrelationships were analyzed at each dumping site along eight directions: east, west, south, north, northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors influencing heavy metal contamination in open-pit coal mine dumps. The results of this study can guide the selection of ecological remediation measures for mining areas based on local conditions. The results showed that: (1) There were considerable differences in soil physicochemical properties, structure, and heavy metal contamination between the Shigetai and Heidaigou mining areas. (2) Soil total phosphorus varied considerably among the different orientations in Shigetai, whereas there was a considerable difference in soil total potassium among the different orientations in Heidaigou. (3) Heavy Cd pollution was observed, and there was slight Mn pollution in Shigetai. In Heidaigou, there was heavy Cd pollution and slight Cu and Ni pollution. (4) While there was a considerable difference in the level of Cd pollution along the different directions in Shigetai, the level of Mn pollution showed no correlation with direction. There was a considerable difference in Ni pollution levels among the different orientations in Heidaigou, whereas Cd and Cu pollution levels were not related to orientation. (5) The trends in the Cd pollution levels in Shigetai and Ni in Heidaigou along the different directions were generally consistent with the changes in their topography. In other words, areas with lower topography experienced more severe heavy metal pollution. (6) Correlation analysis revealed that the level of heavy metal contamination was strongly associated with soil pH, total K content, and the proportion of large-sized soil particles. In conclusion, varying levels of heavy metal pollution were observed in the different mining dumps. Significant correlations were observed between three soil environmental factors, namely, the topography of the dump, soil fertility, soil structure, and the level of soil heavy metal pollution.

Key words: mining dump, soil physicochemical properties, soil structure, soil heavy metal pollution

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