生物炭-脱硫石膏混合施用对滨海盐碱土改良和N2O减排效果评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在实验室条件下设置不同生物炭和脱硫石膏施用比例, 并结合稳定同位素和分子生物学研究方法, 定量评估了生物炭和脱硫石膏混合添加对滨海盐碱土的改良效果及其对土壤氧化亚氮 (N₂O) 排放的影响. 结果表明, 相较于生物炭和脱硫石膏单独添加处理, 两者混合施用后, 土壤碱化度(ESP)显著下降, 土壤有机碳含量明显增加. 混合施用后, 土壤N₂O累积排放量下降了约127.7% (N₂O由排放状态转为吸收状态), 这主要是由于混合施用显著提升了土壤硝化、反硝化潜力及N₂O的还原消耗, 因此有效减少了土壤N₂O排放. 研究结果为滨海盐碱土改良技术发展以及土壤温室气体减排管理提供数据支持和理论参考.

关键词: 盐碱地, 生物炭, 脱硫石膏, 氧化亚氮, 氮循环

Abstract:

The effects of biochar and desulfurized gypsum (FGD) on the improvement of coastal saline-alkaline soils and the emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) from soils were quantitatively evaluated using different application ratios of biochar and FGD under laboratory conditions and combined with stable isotope and molecular biology methods. The results showed that compared with the treatment with biochar or FGD gypsum alone, soil exchangeable eodium saturation percentage (ESP) decreased significantly to 11.6% ~ 13.0% whereas soil organic carbon content increased by about 34 times after the application of the mixture. Compared with the control and the individual applications, cumulative soil N₂O emission in the mixture treatment decreased by about 127.7%. This is mainly due to the fact that the mixture application of biochar and FGD gypsum can significantly increase the nitrification and denitrification potential of soil as well as the consumption of soil N₂O, thereby effectively reducing the soil N₂O emission. The results of this study provide data support and a theoretical basis for the development of coastal saline soil improvement technology and the management of soil greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: saline-alkali soil, biochar, desulfurized gypsum, nitrous oxide, nitrogen cycle

中图分类号:

X142

陈子彦, 杨荣荣, 吴仪, 侯立军, 梁霞. 生物炭-脱硫石膏混合施用对滨海盐碱土改良和N₂O减排效果评估[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(4): 134-146.

Ziyan CHEN, Rongrong YANG, Yi WU, Lijun HOU, Xia LIANG. Evaluation of biochar-desulfurized gypsum mixed application on saline-alkali soil improvement and N₂O emission reduction in coastal areas[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(4): 134-146.

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处理组	生物炭投加比例/%	脱硫石膏投加比例/%
CK	\	\
FGD	\	2.5
BC	2.0	\
BF1	2.0	1.0
BF2	2.0	2.5
BF3	2.0	5.0

目标基因	引物	序列 (5'-3')	参考文献	PCR 条件
AOA- amoA	Arch-amoAF	STAATGGTCTGGCTTAGACG	[42]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
AOA- amoA	Arch-amoAR	GCGGCCATCCATCTGTATGT	[42]
AOB- amoA	amoA-2R	CCCCTCKGSAAAGCCTTCTTC	[43]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 56℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
AOB- amoA	amoA-1F	GGGGTTTCTACTGGTGGT	[43]
nirS	cd3aF	GTSAACGTSAAGGARACSGG	[44]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nirS	R3cd	GASTTCGGRTGSGTCTTGA	[44]
nirK	nirK876	ATYGGCGGVAYGGCGA	[45]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 40 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 57 ℃ for 15 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nirK	nirK1040	GCCTCGATCAGRTTRTGGTT	[45]
nosZ	nosZ2F	CGCRACGGCAASAAGGTSMSSGT	[46]	50 ℃ for 2 min, 95 ℃ for 10 min, 45 × [95 ℃ for 30 s, 58℃ for 40 s, 72 ℃ for 1min]
nosZ	nosZ2R	CAKRTGCAKSGCRTGGCAGAA	[46]

处理组	pH	电导率/ (ds·m^–1)	含水率/ %	土壤容重/ (g·cm^–3)	TN/ (g·kg^–1)	TC/ (g·kg^–1)	TOC/ (g·kg^–1)	Cl^–含量/ (mg·kg^–1)	ESP/ %
CK	7.45±0.06	6.29±0.04	18.21±0.02	1.45±0.10	0.43±0	15.41±0.08	1.01±0.35	6.80±0.07	20.66±0.19
FGD	7.08±0.04	6.30±0.16	20.13±0.01	1.38 ±0.02	0.42±0.02	14.34±0.05	1.35±0.14	4.65±0.03	16.67±0.21
BC	7.46±0.07	3.87±0.10	20.65±0.03	1.33±0.03	0.87±0.02	32.86±1.02	20.60±1.46	5.61±0.03	16.16±0.25
BF1	7.15±0.04	4.17±0.04	20.60±0.04	1.32±0.11	0.84±0	32.01±0.23	19.46±0.98	5.61±0.04	12.99±0.14
BF2	7.18±0.05	5.95±0.08	20.81±0.03	1.31±0.09	0.82±0.01	31.29±0.21	24.82±0.56	5.35±0.10	12.03±0.15
BF3	7.12±0.03	5.80±0.12	21.31±0.12	1.29±0.06	0.74±0.01	28.10±0.25	24.97±0.76	4.89±0.02	11.58±0.22

序号	土壤类型与利用方式	实验周期	生物炭施用量	N₂O排放量降幅	主要作用机制					参考文献
序号	土壤类型与利用方式	实验周期	生物炭施用量	N₂O排放量降幅	土壤结构	生物炭吸附	硝化过程	反硝化过程	微生物群落结构与活性	参考文献
1	盐土小麦 + 玉米轮作	49 d	1%	48%	√	√	√	√		[66]
2	潮土小麦 + 玉米轮作	4.5 a	1% ~ 5%	8.2% ~ 31%					√	[63]
3	碱性砂壤土小麦 + 玉米轮作	5 a	1% ~ 5%	25% ~ 52%	√	√			√	[69]
4	壤土蔬菜轮作	1 a	5%	4.6%				√		[64]
5	黑垆土小麦 + 豆科作物轮作	30 d	10%	12%			√	√	√	[59]
6	砂壤土玉米	2 a	10% ~ 40%	23% ~ 94%			√	√	√	[58]
7	滨海盐土盐生植被	90 d	2%	3.1%	√	√	√	√	√	本研究
8	滨海盐土盐生植被	90 d	2% (FGD 5%)	127.7%	√	√	√	√	√	本研究

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生物炭-脱硫石膏混合施用对滨海盐碱土改良和N₂O减排效果评估

Evaluation of biochar-desulfurized gypsum mixed application on saline-alkali soil improvement and N₂O emission reduction in coastal areas

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