开源硬件: 新工业革命的驱动力及未来趋势

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.015

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2025, Vol. 2025 ›› Issue (5): 162-169.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.05.015

• 开源生态发展与治理 • 上一篇

开源硬件: 新工业革命的驱动力及未来趋势

胡孟晗¹(), 成文静¹, 戴翔², 刘一清¹^,*()

1. 华东师范大学通信与电子工程学院, 上海　200062
2. 英特尔亚太研发有限公司软件与先进技术事业部, 上海　200240

收稿日期:2024-12-25 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-09-25
通讯作者: 刘一清 E-mail:mhhu@cee.ecnu.edu.cn;yqliu@cee.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:胡孟晗, 男, 副教授, 研究方向为多维度信号捕获及处理技术. E-mail: mhhu@cee.ecnu.edu.cn

Open source hardware: Driving force and future trends for the new industrial revolution

Menghan HU¹(), Wenjing CHENG¹, Xiang DAI², Yiqing LIU¹^,*()

1. School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200062, China
2. Software and Advanced Technology Group, Intel Asia Pacific Development Co. Ltd., Shanghai　200240, China

Received:2024-12-25 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-09-25
Contact: Yiqing LIU E-mail:mhhu@cee.ecnu.edu.cn;yqliu@cee.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

面对新工业革命背景下算力复杂性上升与定制化需求加剧的挑战, 开源硬件正成为打破封闭架构限制、增强技术自主可控能力的重要途径. 重点关注了以RISC-Ⅴ(Reduced Instruction Set Computer-Five)为代表的开源指令集架构, 系统梳理了其生态优势和产业价值; 同时比较了国内外主要开源项目在设计开放性、系统灵活性及协同创新机制方面的不同特点; 从时间维度展开分析, 可以明确开源硬件从底层架构创新逐步走向异构融合和场景拓展的发展趋势. 研究表明, 开源硬件在智能制造、边缘计算、沉浸式终端等关键领域有着广阔的应用前景, 能够有效提升算力利用效率, 降低开发难度和系统成本. 开源硬件正推动芯片设计从封闭模式向共享模式转变, 为工业智能化升级和技术安全战略提供新的支撑.

关键词: 开源硬件, RISC-Ⅴ指令集, 异构计算架构, 算力, 新工业革命

Abstract:

In the context of the new industrial revolution, with increasing computational complexity and intensified demand for customization, open source hardware has emerged as a key approach to overcome the limitations of closed architectures and enhance technological autonomy. This study focused on the Reduced Instruction Set Computer-Five（RISC-Ⅴ）open instruction set architecture and systematically reviewed its ecosystem advantages and industrial value. It compared major domestic and international open source projects in terms of design openness, system flexibility, and collaborative innovation mechanisms. From a temporal perspective, this study analyzed the development trend of open source hardware, evolving from low-level architectural innovation to heterogeneous integration and scenario-based expansion. The findings indicated that open source hardware had broad application prospects in critical areas such as intelligent manufacturing, edge computing, and immersive terminals. This could significantly improve computational efficiency and reduce development complexity and system costs. Open source hardware drives the chip design from a closed paradigm toward a shared model, offering new support for industrial intelligence upgrades and strategic technology security.

Key words: open source hardware, RISC-Ⅴ instruction set, heterogeneous computing architecture, computing power, new industrial revolution

中图分类号:

TB47

胡孟晗, 成文静, 戴翔, 刘一清. 开源硬件: 新工业革命的驱动力及未来趋势[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(5): 162-169.

Menghan HU, Wenjing CHENG, Xiang DAI, Yiqing LIU. Open source hardware: Driving force and future trends for the new industrial revolution[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(5): 162-169.

图/表 2

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项目名称	机构/主导方	架构类型	主要特点	典型应用场景
Rocket-Chip	加州大学伯克利分校	RISC-Ⅴ	基于 Chisel, 结构清晰, 易于模块组合	教学研究、原型验证
OpenPiton	普林斯顿大学	SPARC/RISC-Ⅴ	多核设计, 支持芯粒化 (Chiplet) 结构	多核互联研究
SweRV Core	Western Digital	RISC-Ⅴ	工业级验证, 低延迟, 适合嵌入式设备	存储控制器、IoT 终端
CORE-Ⅴ	OpenHW Group	RISC-Ⅴ	社区协作开发, 工具链完善	嵌入式系统、工业控制
Open Compute	Meta/Intel等支持组织	自定义架构	推动数据中心服务器板卡硬件标准化与开源	数据中心、云计算平台

项目名称	主导机构/公司	架构类型	主要特点	典型应用场景
玄铁系列	阿里巴巴平头哥	RISC-Ⅴ	适配本地生态, 聚焦低功耗嵌入式计算	IoT设备、边缘计算
香山处理器	中国科学院计算技术研究所	RISC-Ⅴ	自主设计, 国产EDA流程全流程验证	教学科研、通用计算平台
NJU处理器	南京大学	RISC-Ⅴ	面向教学开源, 注重简洁与实验可复现性	教育实验、RISC-Ⅴ教学平台
芯来E902	芯来科技	RISC-Ⅴ	轻量级核心, 灵活的开源授权机制, 低功耗	消费电子、终端控制器
燧原处理器	燧原科技	自研架构	聚焦AI推理加速, 具备国产深度学习推理能力	云端AI加速卡、边缘推理设备

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开源硬件: 新工业革命的驱动力及未来趋势

Open source hardware: Driving force and future trends for the new industrial revolution

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