自然湿地与人工湿地水鸟多样性的昼夜差异

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2019.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了比较贵州草海自然保护区（自然湿地）及毗邻的杨湾桥水库（人工湿地）水鸟多样性昼夜差异，在2010——2016年鸟类越冬时段主要采用样线法进行调查.白天调查结果显示：春季和冬季草海鸟类的数量、种类、特有种（仅在某种生境中出现的鸟类）和G-F指数均高于杨湾桥的相应值.夜间调查结果显示：冬季草海鸟类的数量、种类、特有种和G-F指数均显著高于杨湾桥，但是，春季两块湿地之间的鸟类数量、种类和特有种无显著性差异.在白天和夜间，不同觅食类群的鸟类和不同个体大小的鸟类在两块湿地之间数量均有较大的变化.滩涂面积、人为干扰、水泥堤坝和湖泊中心有无植被是引起这两块湿地鸟类群落结构差异性的主要因素.同时在白天和夜间统计鸟类可以更全面地反映鸟类对某个区域生境的利用情况.

关键词: 湿地类型, 水鸟群落结构, 昼夜差异

Abstract: In order to compare diurnal and nocturnal differences in waterbird biodiversity between Caohai Nature Reserve (natural wetland) and Yangwanqiao Reservoir (artificial wetland), we investigated waterbirds primarily using the line transect method during the wintering period from 2010 to 2016. The results from daylight hours indicated that avian abundance, richness, unique species, and the G-F index in Caohai Nature Reserve were all significantly higher than those observed in Yangwanqiao Reservoir, both in spring and winter. The results from nighttime indicated that avian abundance, richness, unique species, and G-F index in Caohai Nature Reserve were all significantly higher than those observed in Yangwanqiao Reservoir in winter. However, there were not significant differences in avian abundance, richness, and unique species observed between the two wetlands in spring. Birds with both different foraging ways and different body sizes varied significantly between the wetlands during daytime and nighttime. The size of mudflats, anthropological disturbances, cement banks, and emerging lake aquatic plants are the main factors that bring about differences in the waterbird community between the two wetlands. The status of habitat exploitation by waterbirds in a plot can be shown if avian distribution is observed both during daytime and nighttime.

Key words: wetland type, waterbird community structure, diurnal and nocturnal difference

中图分类号:

Q959.7
Q958

罗祖奎, 李扬, 刘文, 李性苑. 自然湿地与人工湿地水鸟多样性的昼夜差异[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 2019(3): 120-130.

LUO Zu-kui, LI Yang, LIU Wen, LI Xing-yuan. Differences in biodiversity of diurnal and nocturnal waterbirds between natural and artificial wetlands: A case study from Caohai Nature Reserve and Yangwanqiao Reservoir, Guizhou Province[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(3): 120-130.

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