硅碳复合结构对锂离子电池负极电化学性能的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2022.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以晶硅太阳能电池生产过程中的晶硅切削废料为原料、以壳聚糖(Chitosan, CTS)为碳源, 通过液相包裹和低温热解工艺制备了具有较大孔隙的硅/硬碳复合材料(Si@CTS). 对比研究了Si@CTS及Si@CTS混合石墨后(Si@CTS/G)分别作为锂离子电池负极的电化学性能. 结果表明, 具有孔隙和互联结构的Si@CTS负极首次放电比容量可达到1672.8 mAh/g, 首次库伦效率达到了84.45%; 在循环100圈之后Si@CTS放电比容量保持在626.4 mAh/g. 进一步, 将Si@CTS作为高容量活性物质添加至石墨中, 研磨混合后制得的Si@CTS/G复合负极表现出良好的稳定性, 在循环100圈之后放电比容量为698.1 mAh/g, 对高容量高稳定性硅碳负极批量化生产和应用具有重要意义.

关键词: 亚微米硅, 硅废料, 硅碳负极材料, 锂离子电池, 联结结构

Abstract:

Porous silicon/hard carbon composite (Si@CTS) was successfully fabricated using liquidphase encapsulation and a low-temperature pyrolysis process, in which silicon particles from cutting waste in the manufacturing of crystalline silicon solar cells was used as a raw material and chitosan as carbon source. In this paper, the electrochemical performance of Si@CTS and a mixture of Si@CTS and graphite (Si@CTS/G) as anode materials of a lithium-ion battery was studied. The Si@CTS electrode showed a high discharge specific capacity of 1672.8 mAh/g and a high initial coulombic efficiency of 84.45%. After 100 cycles, the Si@CTS retained a reversible capacity of 626.4 mAh/g. The discharge specific capacity of the Si@CTS/G composite was 698.1 mAh/g; hence, the discharge specific capacity of the Si@CTS/G composite was higher than that of Si@CTS and offered better stability. The findings are critical for mass manufacture and deployment of silicon/carbon anodes with high capacity and stability in lithium-ion batteries.

Key words: sub-micron silicon, silicon waste, silicon/carbon composite, lithium-ion battery, interconnected structure

中图分类号:

O649.4

田晓华, 余晨露, 郑瀚, 孙卓, 张哲娟, 朴贤卿. 硅碳复合结构对锂离子电池负极电化学性能的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(1): 52-61.

Xiaohua TIAN, Chenlu YU, Han ZHENG, Zhuo SUN, Zhejuan ZHANG, Xianqing PIAO. Effect of silicon/carbon composite structure on its electrochemical performance as a lithium-ion battery anode[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2022, 2022(1): 52-61.

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样品	首圈			循环100圈
样品	充电/(mAh·g^–1)	放电/(mAh·g^–1)	效率	充电/(mAh·g^–1)	放电/(mAh·g^–1)	效率/%
Si@CTS	1429.5	1672.8	85.45%	620.9	626.4	99.12
Si@CTS/G	962.7	1138.5	84.56%	692.7	698.6	99.16
c2@Si^[17]	40.0	104.0	38.50%	222.0	225.1	98.60
SCG0.2^[17]	250.9	503.6	49.80%	614.6	619.7	99.20

电极	R_S /Ω	R_CT/Ω
Si	5.919	1908.0
G	3.761	401.2
Si@CTS	1.806	285.2
Si@CTS/G	2.106	397.7

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