改性铝在制氢及去除水中污染物中的应用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金属铝(Al)因储量丰富且具有较低的氧化还原电位, 在Al-水制氢及水处理领域得到广泛研究, 而Al颗粒表面的致密氧化膜是影响Al还原活性的主要因素. 除了酸/碱溶解、合金化及机械球磨等常见的Al表面处理方法, 近年来出现的Al表面改性技术被认为是一种经济有效且工艺条件相对温和的Al表面活化方法. 本文通过综述Al表面改性方法在Al-水制氢及Al去除水中污染物方面的研究报道, 突出了该方法相比于其他Al表面处理方法所存在的优势及不足. 同时, 对Al表面改性技术在制氢及去除水中污染物中的应用进行了展望, 以期促进Al表面改性技术在制氢及水处理领域的研究进展.

关键词: 铝, 表面改性, 制氢, 去除污染物

Abstract:

Aluminum (Al) used for hydrogen generation and aqueous contaminant removal has been widely studied given its abundance and low redox potential; the reduction ability of Al, moreover, is restricted by the passive surface oxide film on Al particles. In addition to common Al surface treatment methods, such as acid/alkali washing, alloying, and mechanical ball-milling, Al surface modification technology arising in recent years has also been confirmed as an efficient Al activation method given its economical cost and benign manufacturing process. In this study, the merits and disadvantages of surface modification relative to other Al surface treatment methods were highlighted by reviewing existing research on the application of Al surface modification in hydrogen generation and aqueous contaminant removal. In addition, the paper presents an outlook on Al surface modification technology used for hydrogen generation and aqueous contaminant removal to promote the study of related processes.

Key words: aluminum, surface modification, hydrogen generation, contaminant removal

中图分类号:

X703.1

杨阳, 邓振炎, 郭晓晗, 麻根旺, 盖卫卓. 改性铝在制氢及去除水中污染物中的应用[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 2023(2): 168-182.

Yang YANG, Zhenyan DENG, Xiaohan GUO, Genwang MA, Weizhuo GAI. Surface-modified aluminum used for hydrogen generation and aqueous contaminant removal[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(2): 168-182.

图/表 19

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零价金属	标准氧化还原电位(E₀ )/ V
Al³⁺/ Al⁰	–1.662
Zn²⁺/ Zn⁰	–0.762
Fe²⁺/ Fe⁰	–0.440
Cu²⁺/ Cu⁰	–0.337
H⁺/ H₂	0

处理方法	反应条件	产氢效率/%	反应时间/h	参考文献
Alkaline additive	0.25 mol/L Na₂SnO_3, pH 12.0, 75℃, 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa	35	~ 0	[11]
Alloys	50 wt% Al-34 wt% Ga-11 wt% In-5 wt% Sn, 55℃, 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa	85	~ 0	[17]
Ball-milled alloys	Al-5 wt% Li-5 wt% NaCl, 25℃, 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa	100	16.67	[19]
Ball-milled Al/C	Al-23 wt% C-2 wt% NaCl, 65℃, 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa	86	5.83	[27]
GMAPs	30 wt% Al : 70 wt% γ-Al₂O₃, 25℃, 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa	28	~ 22	[32]
Direct addition	30 vol% γ-Al₂O₃, 25℃, 4 kPa	~ 100	~ 20	[41]
Direct addition	30 vol% α-Al₂O₃, 25℃, 4 kPa	~ 100	~ 38	[41]
Direct addition	30 vol% TiO₂, 25℃, 4 kPa	~ 100	~ 31	[41]
Direct addition	30 vol% Al(OH)₃, 25℃, 4 kPa	~ 100	~ 22	[41]

处理方法	反应条件	去除效率/%	反应时间/min	参考文献
Acid washing	[Cr(Ⅵ)]₀ = 20.0 mg/L, [Al]₀ = 0.4 g/L, pH₀ = 1.5	100	150	[15]
Al deposited with Fe	[Cr(Ⅵ)]₀ = 20.0 mg/L, [Fe/Al]₀ = 6.0 g/L, Fe/Al mass ratio: 0.75 g, pH₀ = 3.0	100	10	[21]
GMAPs	[Cr(Ⅵ)]₀ = 8 mg/L, [Al]₀ = 4 g/L, near neutral pH,	100	60	[44]
Ball milling	5.0 wt% NaCl (grinding aid), 300 r/min, 1.0 h, N₂, [Cr(Ⅵ)]₀ = 0.2 mmol/L, [Al]₀ = 4 g/L, pH₀ = 7.00	100	380	[45]
Ball milling	Ethanol (grinding aid), 3.00 h, [Cr(Ⅵ)]₀ = 20 mg/L, [Al]₀ = 4 g/L, near neutral pH	100	25	[46]

材料	反应条件	降解效率/%	反应时间/h	参考文献
GMAPs	Dosage 1 g/L, pH 5.9, C₀20 mg/L, T 45℃	100	1 (M-orange)	[47]
GMAPs	Dosage 1 g/L, pH 5.7, C₀20 mg/L,T 45℃	96	2.5 (M-blue)	[47]
Aluminum foam	pH 7.2, C₀20 mg/L, with ultrasound and direct electric current	100	8 (M-orange)	[48]
Periphyton	Dosage 4 g/L, pH 7.0, C₀50 mg/L, T 30℃	70	168 (M-orange)	[49]

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