华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 2025 ›› Issue (6): 71-81.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.06.009

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基于系统生态学的多营养级串联式循环水产养殖模式探究

旦增卓嘎, 王强*()   

  1. 华东师范大学 生态与环境科学学院, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-29 接受日期:2025-08-16 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-29
  • 通讯作者: 王强 E-mail:wangqflora@163.com

Exploration of a multi-trophic serial recirculating aquaculture based on system ecology

Tenzindolkar, Qiang WANG*()   

  1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2024-03-29 Accepted:2025-08-16 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-29
  • Contact: Qiang WANG E-mail:wangqflora@163.com

摘要:

构建了由鲈鱼 (Micropterus salmoides)、小球藻 (Chlorella sp.)、三角帆蚌 (Hyriopsis cumingii) 及苦草 (Vallisneria natans) 4个营养利用层级串联形成的小型多营养级串联式循环养殖 (Multi-trophic Serial Recirculating Aquaculture, MSRA) 系统, 并与单一养殖 (Monoculture Aquaculture, MA) 系统进行对比, 分析不同模式下系统的运行情况、生物增长量、水质净化效果以及氮素利用率. 结果表明, MSRA系统中的鱼类生存状态良好, 生物增长量及饲料利用率较MA系统分别提高了1.68倍和1.65倍; MSRA系统能够有效净化养殖尾水, 显著降低水体化学需氧量、总氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的浓度 (p < 0.05); 与MA系统相比, MSRA系统的氮素利用率提高了27%, 且高出传统鱼菜共生系统11%. 说明该养殖模式在实现养殖用水零排放的同时, 提高了系统内部营养物质的循环利用水平, 进一步提升了水产养殖生态效益, 对推动水产养殖产业的可持续发展具有重要意义.

关键词: 多营养级养殖, 串养模式, 养殖尾水, 系统生态学, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

Since the 1970s, the pursuit of high efficiency and output has driven aquaculture toward intensive and large-scale production, exemplified by flow-through and static high-density systems. While these models achieve high yields, their excessive biological loads and resource inputs result in severe resource waste and water pollution, hindering sustainable development. To overcome these limitations, In this study, we constructed a small-scale multi-trophic serial recirculating aquaculture (MSRA) system with four nutrient utilization tiers of Micropterus salmoides, Chlorella sp., Hyriopsis cumingii, and Vallisneria natans in series. Compared the operation, biological growth, water purification effect, and nitrogen utilization rate between the MSRA system and monoculture aquaculture (MA) system, the MSRA system demonstrated superior performance: Fish survival was improved in the MSRA system, based on biomass growth and feed utilization efficiency, which were 1.68 and 1.65 times higher, respectively, in the MSRA system than the MA system. The MSRA system effectively purified the aquaculture wastewater and significantly reduced the chemical oxygen demand and the total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite (${\mathrm{NO}}_2^- $-N) concentrations (p < 0.05). The nitrogen-use efficiency of the MSRA system was 27% higher than that of the MA system, and 11% higher than that of a traditional aquaponics system. These results showed that this aquaculture model realized zero discharge of aquaculture wastewater and improved the level of nutrient recycling within the system.

Key words: multi-trophic aquaculture, sequential rearing mode, aquaculture tailwater, system ecology, nitrogen utilization efficiency

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