IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201941009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土地退化是全球性重大生态问题之一，危及32亿人的福祉，威胁粮食、水安全，降低生物多样性，同时引发地区冲突、大规模人口迁徙和疾病传播，近年来受到UN、IPBES、IPCC等组织的广泛关注. 理解土地退化的驱动因素是防止土地退化和恢复退化土地的根本. 本文以生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学政策平台（IPBES）土地退化与恢复评估报告为基础，审视了土地退化的驱动因素. 具体包括：土地退化的直接驱动因素，即牧场经营，农田和农林管理，森林和人工林改造，非木材自然资源开采，林火变化，外来物种引进，采掘业发展，以及基础设施建设、工业化、城市化共8类；间接驱动因素和作用机制，包括人口、经济、科学知识和技术、制度与管理及文化5大间接驱动因素间的交互作用、情境依赖、非线性剧变和远程耦合式驱动机制. 并指出气候变化也可导致多种类型的土地退化. 最后聚焦我国典型地区土地退化的驱动因素，并提出相应的防范和应对措施. 对土地退化驱动因素的深入理解，将为我国“山水林田湖草”土地系统的统筹治理和“美丽中国”建设提供决策支持.

关键词: 土地退化, IPBES, 驱动因素, 气候变化

Abstract: Land degradation is one of the major global ecological problems that is endangering the health and well-being of 3.2 billion people, threatening food and water security, and reducing biodiversity. Land degradation, moreover, is triggering regional conflicts, large-scale migration and the spread of disease, and has raised widespread concerns from international organizations such as the UN, IPBES, and IPCC in recent years. Understanding the drivers of land degradation is fundamental to preventing land degradation and restoring degraded land. This paper examines the drivers of land degradation based on a land degradation and restoration assessment report from the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The factors that lead to land degradation can be divided into direct (human) drivers, indirect (human) drivers, and climate change. This paper elaborates on eight types of direct drivers for land degradation, namely grazing land management; cropland and agroforestry management; forests and tree plantation management; non-timber natural resource extraction; fire regime change; extractive industry and energy development; construction, industrial development, and urbanization; and invasive species. This research also explores indirect driving factors and their respective mechanisms, including: population, economy, technology, institution and management, and culture as well as mechanisms (i.e. interaction effects) that are situation-dependent, nonlinear or abruptly-changing, and remotely coupled. The research notes that climate change can also lead to various types of land degradation. Finally, this article reviews driving factors for land degradation in typical areas of China and proposes relevant preventive and response measures. An in-depth understanding of the drivers for land degradation will provide decision making support for “the governance of mountains, water, forests, cropland, lakes, and grass ecosystems” as well as the construction of “Beautiful China”.

Key words: land degradation, IPBES, driving factors, climate change

中图分类号:

K903

郭晓娜, 陈睿山, 李强, 潘真真. IPBES土地退化与恢复驱动因素审视[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 2020(3): 109-118.

GUO Xiaona, CHEN Ruishan, LI Qiang, PAN Zhenzhen. Review of driving factors for land degradation and restoration based on IPBES[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(3): 109-118.

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