重庆市郊不同弃耕年限旱地植物群落变化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以重庆近郊区耕作旱地和3种不同弃耕年限的旱地为研究对象, 采用空间代替时间的方法, 对其植物群落的物种组成进行调查并分析弃耕后物种组成与群落类型的动态变化, 以及植物多样性的变化趋势. 结果发现, 春秋两季共记录了维管植物39科90属99种; 在TWINSPAN分类的二级水平上可以将耕作旱地、弃耕早期和弃耕晚期旱地分离, 随着弃耕年限的增加, 植物群落的优势生活型由一年生植物逐渐过渡到多年生植物, 木本植物开始成为优势种; 植物多样性在弃耕早期到中期阶段逐渐升高, 但在弃耕后期呈现下降的趋势.

关键词: 重庆近郊区, 弃耕旱地, 群落调查, 植物多样性

Abstract:

In this study, we investigated the plant species composition of three types of abandoned farmland and compared with cultivated farmland in the Chongqing suburban area. We analyzed dynamic changes in species composition and community type as well as trends in plant diversity. The results showed that a total of 99 species, 90 genera, and 39 families were recorded in the spring and autumn. At the second level of the TWINSPAN classification, the cultivated farmland, early abandoned farmland, and late abandoned farmland could all be distinguished. As the number of years since abandonment of the farmland increased, the dominant life form of the plant community gradually transitioned from annual to perennial, and woody plants began to become the dominant species. Plant diversity gradually increased from the early to middle stage of abandonment, but declined during the later stage.

Key words: Chongqing suburban area, abandoned farmland, community investigation, plant diversity

中图分类号:

郑明铭, 李笑寒, 黄力, 杨圣贺, 胡四维, 杨永川. 重庆市郊不同弃耕年限旱地植物群落变化特征[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(2): 132-141.

Mingming ZHENG, Xiaohan LI, Li HUANG, Shenghe YANG, Siwei HU, Yongchuan YANG. Variation characteristics of plant communities at abandoned farmlands of different ages in the Chongqing suburban area[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 132-141.

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	生活型	符号	特征描述
一年生草本	夏季一年生植物	Th	冬季前完成其生长周期, 营养体不越冬
一年生草本	冬季一年生植物	Th(w)	前一年进行营养生长, 营养体越冬, 第二年完成繁殖
多年生草本	地下芽植物	G	休眠芽在地下
	地面芽植物	H	休眠芽在地表
	地上芽植物	CH	休眠芽位于地上0 ~ 0.3 m
	矮高位芽植物	N	休眠芽位于地上0.3 ~ 2 m
木本植物	小乔木	M	休眠芽位于地上2 ~ 8 m
木本植物	中、大乔木	MM	休眠芽位于地上8 ~ 30 m或更高

科	属	种	科	属	种	科	属	种
菊科Compositae	17	20	石竹科Caryophyllaceae	2	2	楝科Meliaceae	1	1
禾本科Gramineae	16	16	苋科Amaranthaceae	2	2	鳞始蕨科Lindsaeaceae	1	1
唇形科Labiatae	4	4	凤尾蕨科Pteridaceae	1	2	毛茛科Ranunculaceae	1	1
蓼科Polygonaceae	2	4	酢浆草科Oxalidaceae	1	2	木贼科Equisetaceae	1	1
鸭跖草科Commelinaceae	2	4	车前科Plantaginaceae	1	1	茜草科Rubiaceae	1	1
伞形科Umbelliferae	3	3	豆科Leguminosae	1	1	忍冬科Caprifoliaceae	1	1
蔷薇科Rosaceae	3	3	海金沙科Lygodiaceae	1	1	三白草科Saururaceae	1	1
桑科Moraceae	3	3	葫芦科Cucurbitaceae	1	1	商陆科Phytolaccaceae	1	1
十字花科Cruciferae	3	3	金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae	1	1	荨麻科Urticaceae	1	1
玄参科Scrophulariaceae	3	3	堇菜科Violaceae	1	1	芸香科Rutaceae	1	1
大戟科Euphorbiaceae	2	2	景天科Crassulaceae	1	1	樟科Lauraceae	1	1
葡萄科Vitaceae	2	2	爵床科Acanthaceae	1	1	紫草科Boraginaceae	1	1
茄科Solanaceae	2	2	藜科Chenopodiaceae	1	1	莎草科Cyperaceae	1	1

	物种名	生活型	群落类型 1		群落类型 2		群落类型 3		群落类型 4		总数
			n = 8		n = 10		n = 5		n = 1		n = 24
			A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
一年生草本	鼠麴草 Gnaphalium affine	Th(w)	2	8		4		5			2	17
	钻叶紫菀 Aster subulatus	Th	1	8		6		2			1	16
	看麦娘 Alopecurus aequalis	Th(w)	1	7		6		2			1	15
	黄鹌菜 Youngia japonica	Th(w)	5	8	1	9		4			6	21
	小蓬草 Erigeron canadensis	Th(w)	4	8	1	8		4			5	20
	球序卷耳 Cerastium glomeratum	Th(w)	2	8	2	8		2			4	18
	窃衣 Torilis scabra	Th(w)		4	4	9		2			4	15
	刺果毛茛 Ranunculus muricatus	Th		5	1	8		5		1	1	19
	苦苣菜 Sonchus oleraceus	Th		6	1	6		4		1	1	17
	猪殃殃 Galium spurium	Th		3	1	5		1		1	1	10
	求米草 Oplismenus undulatifolius	Th			1	2		3		1	1	6
	长刺酸模 Rumex trisetifer	Th			1	3		1			1	4
	龙葵 Solanum nigrum	Th		1	1	7					1	8
	葎草 Humulus scandens	Th			3	7					3	7
	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	Th		1	1	10	1	5		1	2	17
多年生草本	酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	CH	3	7		6		5		1	3	19
	风轮菜 Clinopodium chinense	H	1	5		5		3			1	13
	天胡荽 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides	CH	1	1		3		4		1	1	9
	喜旱莲子草 Alternanthera philoxeroides	H	2	8	9	10	2	5	1	1	14	24
	柯孟披碱草 Roegneria kamoji	H		2	3	10		4			3	16
	蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	CH		3	5	6		3			5	12
	红花酢浆草 Oxalis corymbosa	G			2	4					2	4
	艾 Artemisia argyi	H			1	6					1	6
	接骨草 Sambucus chinensis	N			2	3					2	3
	苎麻 Boehmeria nivea	N			1	1					1	1
	白茅 Imperata cylindrica	G			1	5	1	5			2	10
	狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon	H		3		4	3	5	1	1	4	13
木本植物	构树 Broussonetia papyrifera	MM			4	7	2	2			6	9
	柑橘 Citrus reticulata	M					1	1			1	1
	樟 Cinnamomum camphora	MM					1	3		1	1	4

	物种名	生活型	群落类型 1		群落类型 2		群落类型 3		群落类型 4		总数
			n = 12		n = 7		n = 6		n = 1		n = 26
			A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B	A	B
一年生草本	窃衣Torilis scabra	Th(w)	5	6							5	6
	钻叶紫菀Aster subulatus	Th	2	4				5			2	9
	荩草Arthraxon hispidus	Th	1	2				1			1	3
	马唐Digitaria sanguinalis	Th	6	11	5	6				1	11	18
	求米草Oplismenus undulatifolius	Th		2	4	7		5			4	14
	石荠苎Mosla scabra	Th					1	5			1	5
多年生草本	双穗雀稗Paspalum distichum	H	1	5				1			1	6
	柯孟披碱草Roegneria kamoji	H	1	5		5					1	10
	蛇莓Duchesnea indica	CH	1	7		4		2			1	13
	喜旱莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides	H	4	10	4	7	2	6		1	10	24
	水蜈蚣Kyllinga polyphylla	HH		5			1	6		1	1	12
	水芹Oenanthe javanica	HH			2	2	1	1			3	3
	白茅Imperata cylindrica	G		4			3	3			3	7
	狗牙根Cynodon dactylon	H				1	4	6		1	4	8
	狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides	H					5	7			5	8
木本植物	樟Cinnamomum camphora	MM							1	1	1	1