碳源对含氮废水生物反硝化的影响研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硝酸盐作为稳定的氮污染物, 广泛存在于水体中, 其含量过高会对生态环境和人类健康造成危害. 异养反硝化技术因其经济高效的特点, 被广泛应用于含氮废水处理. 在该过程中, 碳源作为电子供体至关重要, 当系统内碳源不足时, 需投加外部碳源以保障反硝化效果. 液相碳源反硝化速率高, 因其无需水解或仅需简单转化即可被微生物直接利用, 电子供体转移迅速、路径简单, 反应速度快, 但控制精度要求高, 过量投加易导致出水有机碳超标及二次污染. 固相碳源反硝化速率相对较低, 需先经水解或酶解为小分子有机物方可被利用, 碳源缓慢释放, 电子供体转移路径复杂而更持久稳定, 可减少碳源浪费与二次污染风险. 微生物群落方面, 液相碳源成分单一, 易使依赖该碳源的微生物成为优势菌群, 降低群落多样性. 固相碳源释碳过程复杂, 能富集多样化的功能菌群, 群落多样性更高. 在设备与成本方面, 液相碳源需高精度控制系统, 设备成本较高. 固相碳源流程简单、无需复杂投加设备, 天然材料价格低廉, 合成聚合物成本较高, 可能存在堵塞问题.

关键词: 生物反硝化, 脱氮, 碳源, 微生物群落, 电子转移

Abstract:

As a stable nitrogen pollutant, nitrate is widely present in water, and high quantities can cause harm to the environment and to human health. Heterotrophic denitrification technology is commonly used in nitrogen-containing wastewater treatment because it is economical and efficient. The carbon source plays a very important role in this process as an electron donor. When the carbon source in the system is insufficient, an external carbon source needs to be added to ensure the denitrification effect. The denitrification rate of liquid carbon sources is high, because they can be directly used by microorganisms without hydrolysis or simple conversion, and the electron donor transfer is rapid, the path is simple, and the reaction speed is fast. However, the control accuracy is high, and excessive dosing can easily lead to excessive effluent DOC and secondary pollution. The denitrification rate of solid carbon sources is relatively low, and they need to be hydrolyzed or enzymatically hydrolyzed into small molecular organic matter before use. The carbon source is slowly released, and the electron donor transfer path is complex but more durable and stable, which can reduce the risk of carbon source waste and secondary pollution. In terms of microbial community, liquid carbon sources have a single component, which makes it easier for the microorganisms relying on these carbon sources to become the dominant flora and reduces community diversity. The carbon-release process of solid carbon sources is complex, which can enrich diverse functional bacteria and lead to higher community diversity. In terms of equipment and cost, liquid carbon sources need a high-precision control system, with high equipment costs; the solid-phase carbon-source process is simple and does not require complex dosing equipment. The price of natural materials is low; the cost of synthesizing polymers is high; and blockage problems may arise.

Key words: biological denitrification, nitrogen removal, carbon source, microbiological population, electron transfer

中图分类号:

X523

汪翰林, 李佳乐, 董一慧, 孙占学, 王军澳, 黄钰歆. 碳源对含氮废水生物反硝化的影响研究进展[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(1): 110-119.

Hanlin WANG, Jiale LI, Yihui DONG, Zhanxue SUN, Jun’ao WANG, Yuxin HUANG. Research progress on the effect of carbon source on biological denitrification in nitrogen-containing wastewater[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(1): 110-119.

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碳源	碳氮比	进水总氮浓度/(mg·L^–1)	出水总氮浓度/(mg·L^–1)	水力停留时间/h	pH值	温度/℃	反硝化率/%	参考文献
稻秆	20	100	2.0	12	7.0	20	98	[22]
丝瓜络	7	30	4.0	10	7.5	25	86	[15]
玉米芯	6	20	5.0	72	7.0	25	75	[23]
木薯酒糟	6	40	1.5	48	7.0	30	96	[24]
PHBV	5	15	0.5	2	7.5	25	98	[18]
PCL	3	35	2.0	35	7.2	30	94	[20]
PCL/花生壳	5	20	1.8	25	7.5	25	92	[25]

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