芦苇和互花米草功能性状对长江口盐沼湿地碳交换通量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以长江口典型盐沼植物芦苇 (Phragmites australis) 和互花米草 (Spartina alterniflora) 为研究对象, 通过量化植物形态性状、光合生理参数和叶绿素浓度等关键功能性状, 以及测定生态系统二氧化碳和甲烷通量, 来探究植物功能性状对滨海湿地碳汇功能的调控机制. 结果表明, C4植物互花米草的叶面积指数、叶绿素浓度、光合生理特性、光合作用效率和二氧化碳固定能力均显著高于C3植物芦苇. 此外, 互花米草的光合能力主要受叶绿素浓度调控, 而芦苇主要受叶面积指数影响. 总体来说, 盐沼湿地二氧化碳交换通量与植物叶性状、光合生理特性呈显著正相关, 而甲烷排放量与植物叶性状无显著相关, 主要受到地上生物量、株高和植株密度等形态性状的影响.

关键词: 植物功能性状, 光合作用, 叶绿素浓度, 生态系统净碳交换, 甲烷排放

Abstract:

Coastal wetlands, recognized as vital blue carbon ecosystems, exhibit carbon sequestration functions that are strongly associated with plant functional traits. This study investigated the regulatory mechanisms of functional traits on carbon sequestration in the Yangtze River Estuary using two dominant salt marsh species: Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora. We quantified key functional traits, including morphological traits, photosynthetic parameters, and chlorophyll concentration, while simultaneously measuring ecosystem carbon fluxes (CO₂ and CH₄ emissions). Results demonstrate significant interspecific differences in functional traits: S. alterniflora exhibited superior leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll concentration, photosynthetic efficiency, and CO₂ assimilation capacity compared with P. australis. The photosynthetic capacity of P. australis was predominantly regulated by LAI, whereas that of S. alterniflora was mainly regulated by chlorophyll concentration. The CO₂ fluxes showed a strong positive correlation with leaf traits and photosynthetic parameters. In contrast, CH₄ emissions showed no association with leaf traits; however, they were influenced by morphological traits, such as aboveground biomass, plant height and plant density. These findings highlight that plant functional traits differentially mediate carbon sequestration pathways and greenhouse gas dynamics in coastal wetlands, providing critical insights for vegetation-based blue carbon management strategies.

Key words: plant functional traits, photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, net ecosystem exchange, CH₄ emissions

中图分类号:

Q148
Q948.1

葛铭, 任璘婧, 黄颖, 李秀珍. 芦苇和互花米草功能性状对长江口盐沼湿地碳交换通量的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(3): 56-68.

Ming GE, Linjing REN, Ying HUANG, Xiuzhen LI. Driving mechanisms of carbon fluxes by functional traits in Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marshes of the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(3): 56-68.

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	含碳量/(mg/g)	含氮量/(mg/g)	碳氮比/%
互花米草-花	38.57±0.52 ^a	1.85±0.15 ^ab	21.47±1.63 ^d
互花米草-茎	38.29±0.30 ^a	0.69±0.03 ^c	56.09±2.65 ^a
互花米草-叶	33.44±1.30 ^a	0.91±0.04 ^bc	37.05±1.32 ^b
芦苇-花	21.06±9.47 ^b	1.87±0.84 ^ab	5.64±2.53 ^e
芦苇-茎	38.03±1.95 ^a	1.46±0.21 ^abc	29.07±4.09 ^c
芦苇-叶	41.18±0.70 ^a	2.45±0.29 ^a	18.10±2.25 ^d

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