华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 2018 ›› Issue (2): 141-150.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2018.02.015

• 地理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

大气沉降对叶菜重金属的污染效应及其健康风险

周枭潇1,2, 毕春娟1,2, 汪萌1,2, 周雅1,2, 陈振楼1,2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 地理信息科学教育部重点实验室, 上海 200241;
    2. 华东师范大学 地理科学学院, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-10 出版日期:2018-03-25 发布日期:2018-03-22
  • 通讯作者: 毕春娟,女,副教授,研究方向为城市与三角洲环境过程.E-mail:cjbi@geo.ecnu.edu.cn. E-mail:cjbi@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:周枭潇,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为城市与三角洲环境过程.E-mail:384268455@qq.com.
  • 基金资助:
    华东师范大学大型仪器设备开放基金

Pollution effects of atmospheric deposition on heavy metals in leafy vegetables and its health risks

ZHOU Xiao-xiao1,2, BI Chun-juan1,2, WANG Meng1,2, ZHOU Ya1,2, CHEN Zhen-lou1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, 200241, China;
    2. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2017-03-10 Online:2018-03-25 Published:2018-03-22

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摘要： 为系统研究大气沉降对叶菜重金属的污染效应及摄入蔬菜的健康风险，选取上海市郊工业区附近农田作为研究区域，对比分析了露天和大棚种植的青菜、生菜、苋菜和空心菜样品中的重金属含量，并利用目标危害商数对蔬菜可食部分进行了健康风险评价.结果表明，棚外蔬菜中重金属含量普遍高于棚内，棚外蔬菜可食部分中Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As的平均含量分别为7.32、0.91、0.52、0.007、0.029、0.002和0.014 mg· kg-1，其中Zn、Cr、Cu、Cd和Hg比棚内分别高出26.4%、28.4%、44.4%、33.9%和14.0%.棚内蔬菜的富集系数均高于棚外，表明大棚外蔬菜中重金属受大气沉降的影响较大.不同蔬菜对于不同重金属的富集能力差异明显，苋菜对Zn、Hg、As和Cu的富集能力最强，空心菜对Pb的富集能力最强.棚外四种蔬菜的综合目标危害商数（TTHQ）在1.41~2.99之间，平均值为2.29；棚内TTHQ在1.10~2.19之间，平均值为1.85，比棚外低23.4%.研究发现，四种蔬菜对成人和儿童健康均会产生一定威胁，而棚外四种蔬菜的摄入风险要高于棚内.大气干湿沉降是蔬菜中重金属的重要来源之一，建议在大气重金属污染高风险区域避免蔬菜露天种植，从而减少大气沉降对蔬菜富集重金属的影响.

关键词: 蔬菜, 大气沉降, 重金属污染, 健康风险

Abstract: In order to study the pollution effects of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition on leafy vegetables and health risks via consuming vegetables, this research chooses a farmland near the suburban Shanghai as a study area, makes comparative analysis of heavy metal contents in vegetables samples, including Shanghai Green cabbage, leaf lettuce, amaranth and water spinach, both in outdoor and greenhouses, and makes the health risk assessment of the edible parts of vegetables using the target hazard quotient (THQ). The results show that the heavy metal contents of the vegetables in outdoor are higher than those in greenhouses. The average contents of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg, and As in outdoor vegetables are 7.32, 0.91, 0.52, 0.007, 0.029, 0.002, and 0.014 mg·kg-1, respectively; among which, the contents of Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd, and Hg are 26.4%, 28.4%, 83.3%, 33.9%, and 14% higher than those in greenhouses, respectively. The enrichment factors of greenhouse vegetables are higher than those of outdoor vegetables, showing that the heavy metals of outdoor vegetables are greatly influenced by atmospheric deposition. Different vegetables have different enrichment capacity of heavy metals. Amaranth has the strongest enrichment capacity for Zn, Hg, As and Cu; while water spinach has the most powerful enrichment capacity for Pb. TotalTarget Hazard Quotient (TTHQ)values ofvegetables in outdoor are between 1.41 to 2.99 with an average of 2.29; while those in greenhouses are between 1.10 to 2.19 with an average of 1.85, which is 23.4% lower than the outdoor values. There is a threat for the health of adult and children. The risk of consuming vegetables in outdoor is higher than that in greenhouses. Atmospheric deposition is one of the important sources of heavy metals in vegetables. Hence, we suggest to avoid outdoor cultivating vegetables in high risk areas with atmospheric pollution of heavy metals, thus reducing the impact of atmospheric deposition on enrichment of heavy metals in vegetables.

Key words: vegetables, atmospheric deposition, heavy metal pollution, health risk

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