城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2015.02.002

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 2015 ›› Issue (2): 9-20.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2015.02.002

• “水体污染控制与治理”国家科技重大专项 • 上一篇下一篇

城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

曹承进^1,2，陈振楼³，黄民生^1,2

1. 华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室，上海200062；
2. 华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院，上海200062；
3. 华东师范大学地理科学学院，上海200062

收稿日期:2014-07-29 出版日期:2015-03-25 发布日期:2015-05-28
通讯作者: 黄民生，男，教授，博士生导师 E-mail:mshuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:曹承进，男，博士，讲师，主要研究方向水体污染控制与修复，城市水资源与水环境. E-mail：caochengqiao@126.com.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41001347）；国家科技重大专项（2009ZX07317006，2014ZX07101012）；中国博士后科学基金及其特别资助（20100470759，201104245）；上海市博士后科研资助计划（10R21412300）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金；上海市教委产学研项目（14cxy09）

Study on formation mechanism, and control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorous back river

CAO Cheng-jin^1,2, CHEN Zhen-lou³, HUANG Min-sheng^1,2

1. Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and EcoRestoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China; 
2. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China; 
3. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China

Received:2014-07-29 Online:2015-03-25 Published:2015-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对城市河道黑臭污染的形成及其治理、富营养化次生灾害表现形式、形成机制以及预防和控制对策等方面进行了总结和研究.结果表明，随着城市黑臭河道相应污染治理工程、措施的实施，河道水体污染负荷得到了大大消减、水质得到了一定的改善、黑臭也逐步好转，但营养盐仍处于相对较高的水平，且可被植物直接利用吸收的营养盐储备充足，同时，黑臭污染的治理使得受损的河道生态系统得到了一定的恢复和重建，当外界环境条件适宜时，极易引起水华暴发、浮萍泛滥、水葫芦“疯”长、水生植物生物量激增等富营养化次生灾害.对于城市黑臭河道治理后富营养化次生灾害的预防和控制必须以城市黑臭河道污染治理为基础，将其纳入到河道污染整治整体规划中.综合运用上/下行效应理论，应从外源控制、内源治理和修复、整体生态系统恢复等角度进行系统预防和控制.同时也应厘清思路，认识到城市黑臭河道富营养化及其次生灾害的形成是城市黑臭河道污染治理过程中的必经阶段，城市河道水环境治理应从当前的“黑臭等重污染治理”向“氮磷营养盐控制”转变.

关键词: 城市黑臭河道, 富营养化, 水华, 形成机制, 对策思考

Abstract: In this paper, the eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorousback river were reviewed from the forming and treatment of “malodorousback”, and the disaster forms and control and preventive measures. The results indicated that with the implementation of many treatment projects, technologies and measures in pollution control and remediation, pollution load of urban malodorousback river was greatly reduced, water quality had been much improved, and the “malodorousback” disappeared gradually. All these resulted to the nutrient that can be utilized by plant was at high level, and the damaged ecosystem of urban river was restored and constructed. Once those environmental factors were very suitable, the major outbreak of eutrophication secondary disasters (e.g. algal bloom, Lemna minor L, Eichhorniacrassipes.) could be unavoidable. For its part, the control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters must be based on the treatment and remediation of “malodorousback”. In addition, we realized that the outbreak of eutrophication secondary disasters would be an unavoidable stage of the treatment and remediation of “malodorousback”, and the current focus on pollution control and remediation of urban river should be changed from the severe pollution treatment (e.g. “malodorousback”) to the nutrient (Nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.) control.

Key words: urban malodorous, back river, eutrophication, algal bloom, formation mechanism, control and preventive measures

中图分类号:

曹承进, 陈振楼, 黄民生. 城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 2015(2): 9-20.

CAO Cheng-Jin, CHEN Zhen-Lou, HUANG Min-Sheng. Study on formation mechanism, and control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorous back river[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2015, 2015(2): 9-20.

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城市黑臭河道富营养化次生灾害形成机制及其控制对策思考

Study on formation mechanism, and control and preventive measures of eutrophication secondary disasters in urban malodorous back river

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