华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 2020 ›› Issue (1): 139-149.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201841035

• 河口海岸学 • 上一篇    下一篇

崇明东滩保护区生态修复工程区的调水方案

鲁佩仪, 朱建荣, 袁琳, 田波, 潘家琳   

  1. 华东师范大学 河口海岸学国家重点实验室, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-11 发布日期:2020-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 朱建荣,男,教授,博士生导师,从事河口海洋学研究.E-mail:jrzhu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn E-mail:jrzhu@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科委重点项目(17DZ1201902)

Water transfer plan for the Ecological Restoration Project Area in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve

LU Peiyi, ZHU Jianrong, YUAN Lin, TIAN Bo, PAN Jialin   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2018-12-11 Published:2020-01-13

摘要: 上海市崇明东滩保护区生态修复工程区位于候鸟东亚-澳大利亚的迁徙路线上.不同的鸟类对栖息地水深条件要求各异,鸟类栖息地的水深管理需基于目标鸟种的食性特点与空间分布进行合理规划并设置不同的生境区块,维持各个区块适宜的水深是候鸟保护区管理工作重点.针对生态修复工程区南部C区中不同生境区块,生境区水深大于最大临界水深时,向随塘河排水,低于最低临界水深时,从随塘河引水.随塘河通过涵闸在水位低于临界水位时从崇明东滩引水.综合考虑蒸发、降水、植物蒸散和土壤下渗,基于水量平衡原理,计算出各个生境区水位和水深、随塘河水位变化,生境区补水和排水、随塘河从崇明东滩引水的时间和水量.研究成果可为生态修复工程区水量生态调控提出切实可行的补水方案,为鸟类栖息地的保护与管理提供科学依据.

关键词: 湿地, 水量平衡, 崇明东滩, 候鸟保护区

Abstract: The Ecological Restoration Project Area in Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve is located in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Different bird species have their own unique requirements for habitat water depth. Water depths for bird habitats can be managed via habitat blocks; the blocks are divided based on the feeding characteristics and spatial distributions of the respective target bird species. Accordingly, the key to effective water depth management is to maintain a suitable water depth in each block. For internal habitat blocks in the southern C zone of the Ecological Restoration Project Area, when a block’s water depth is greater than the maximum critical depth, water is drained to the Suitang River, which sits outside the blocks and inside the coastal levee. Conversely, when the water depth decreases below the minimum critical depth, water is drawn from the Suitang River into the habitat blocks through the sluice gate from the outer Chongming Dongtan. Water level variations in the habitat blocks and the Suitang River and changes in mean water depth of each block are calculated according to water balance principles. These principles take into consideration evaporation, precipitation, plant evapotranspiration, and soil infiltration; moreover, the time and amount of water drained from the habitat blocks or the water drawn from the outer Chongming eastern shoal were also calculated and analyzed. The research results enable a scientific water replenishment plan for ecological water regulation at Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve and guidance for building favorable habitats for migratory birds.

Key words: wetlands, water volume balance, Chongming Dongtan, birds nature reserve

中图分类号: