华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 2020 ›› Issue (3): 119-128.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201841038

• 地理学 • 上一篇    下一篇

“保基”原则下上海市养老机构服务可达性评价

陈洁1,2, 吴健平1,2, 郭珮珺1,2, 姚申君1,2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 地理信息科学教育部重点实验室, 上海 200241;
    2. 华东师范大学 地理科学学院, 上海 200241
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-21 发布日期:2020-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 姚申君,女,博士,副教授,研究方向为健康地理.E-mail:sjyao@geo.ecnu.edu.cn E-mail:sjyao@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国博士后科学基金（2018T110371）

Evaluating service accessibility of residential care facilities in Shanghai for fulfilling basic needs

CHEN Jie1,2, WU Jianping1,2, GUO Peijun1,2, YAO Shenjun1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;
    2. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2018-12-21 Published:2020-05-22

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摘要： 科学评价上海市养老机构服务可达性是判断其服务区域差异和优化其空间配置的重要前提. 考虑到上海市养老机构须在“保基”原则的政策影响下提供服务，本文通过引入幂函数型距离衰减函数、按机构规模设置三级服务半径、加入行政区匹配对传统两步移动搜索法进行改进，并基于供需点之间的实际驾车距离计算上海市各乡镇（街道）的养老机构服务可达性. 结果表明：上海市养老机构服务可达性远不及2020年规划要求，每千人拥有达35张床位的乡镇（街道）机构占比不到三分之一. 对比分析考虑和不考虑行政区匹配两种情景下的服务可达性，结果发现：为养老机构服务设置行政区壁垒后大部分乡镇（街道）的养老机构服务可达性有所下降；老年人口集中的中心城区可达性下降情况最为显著；一定程度上扩大了养老机构服务的城郊差异，加剧了区域发展不平衡现象.

关键词: 养老机构, 服务可达性, 两步移动搜索法, 城郊差异, 老龄化

Abstract: Appropriate assessment of the service accessibility of residential care facilities is important for making policies on the allocation of residential care resources. In accordance with policy requirements for the service of residential care facilities in Shanghai, this study modifies the traditional Two-step Floating Catchment Area (2SFCA) method by introducing a power function as a distance decay relationship, employing multi-radius service areas, using the shortest driving distance to measure the distance parameter, and introducing administrative restrictions. With the proposed method, residential care services were calculated and analyzed at the town level. Service accessibility results were then compared under two scenarios. The results show that service accessibility of Shanghai residential care facilities is far below the planning targets for 2020. Less than 1/3 of the towns had service accessibility values with at least 35 beds per thousand elderly people. Comparing the results from two scenarios studied, we found that administrative barriers resulted in lower accessibility for most towns, especially in urban areas where the elderly population density is high; consequently, this significantly enlarged the rural-urban divide.

Key words: residential care facility, service accessibility, 2-Step Floating Catchment Area Method, rural-urban divide, aging

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