基于远程监督的关系抽取技术

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.202091006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 关系抽取作为一种经典的自然语言处理任务, 广泛应用于知识图谱的构建与补全、知识库问答和文本摘要等领域, 旨在抽取目标实体对之间的语义关系. 为了能够高效地构建大规模监督语料, 基于远程监督的关系抽取方法被提出, 通过将文本与现有知识库进行对齐来实现自动标注. 然而由于过强的假设使得其面临诸多挑战, 从而吸引了研究者们的关注. 本文首先介绍远程监督关系抽取的概念和形式化描述, 其次从噪声、信息匮乏以及非均衡3个方面对比分析相关方法及其优缺点, 接着对评估数据集以及评测指标进行了解释和对比分析, 最后探讨了远程监督关系抽取面对的新的挑战以及未来发展趋势, 并在最后做出总结.

关键词: 关系抽取, 远程监督, 自然语言处理, 知识图谱, 噪声处理

Abstract: Relation extraction is one of the classic natural language processing tasks that has been widely used in knowledge graph construction and completion, knowledge base question answering, and text summarization. It aims to extract the semantic relation from a target entity pair. In order to construct a large-scale supervised corpus efficiently, a distant supervision method was proposed to realize automatic annotation by aligning the text with the existing knowledge base. However, it highlights a series of challenges as a result of over-strong assumptions and, accordingly, has attracted the attention of researchers. Firstly, this paper introduces the theories of distant supervision relation extraction and the corresponding formal descriptions. Secondly, we systematically analyze related methods and their respective pros and cons from three perspectives: noisy data, insufficient information, and data imbalance. Next, we explain and compare some benchmark corpus and evaluation metrics. Lastly, we highlight new subsequent challenges for distant supervision relation extraction and discuss trends and directions of future research before concluding.

Key words: relation extraction, distant supervision, natural language processing, knowledge graph, noise processing

中图分类号:

TP311

王嘉宁, 何怡, 朱仁煜, 刘婷婷, 高明. 基于远程监督的关系抽取技术[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 2020(5): 113-130.

WANG Jianing, HE Yi, ZHU Renyu, LIU Tingting, GAO Ming. Relation extraction via distant supervision technology[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(5): 113-130.

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