城乡交错区的土壤微生物多样性格局及其影响因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以上海市松江区泖港镇为研究地点, 采用高通量测序技术全面揭示了该城乡交错区不同土地利用类型中土壤细菌和土壤真菌的多样性分布格局和群落组成格局. 研究结果显示, 采集的土壤样品中共发现632种土壤细菌OTUs (operational taxonomic units)和593种土壤真菌OTUs, 优势类群为变形菌门(细菌)与子囊菌门(真菌). 4种土地利用类型 (耕地、坑塘水域、仓储用地和居民居住区) 中, 土壤细菌的Shannon指数为4.41 ~ 4.71, 土壤真菌的Shannon指数为1.99 ~ 2.60, 这两类土壤微生物的α多样性在各土地利用类型间无显著差异. 而不同土地利用类型间, 土壤细菌(R = 0.32, p = 0.001)和土壤真菌(R = 0.22, p = 0.001)的β多样性格局存在显著差异. 此外, 该城乡交错区土壤细菌和土壤真菌的群落组成格局和β多样性格局与土壤酸碱度、土壤孔隙度和土壤含水率显著相关.

关键词: 生物多样性, 土壤细菌, 土壤真菌, 城乡交错区

Abstract:

We collected soil samples from Maogang Town (Songjiang District, Shanghai) and used high-throughput sequencing techniques to reveal the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and soil fungi in this peri-urban area. We found a total of 632 bacteria OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and 593 fungi OTUs in Maogang, in which the dominant microbial groups were Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi). The Shannon Wiener index of soil bacteria was found to be in the range of 4.41 to 4.71, and the soil fungi’s Shannon Wiener index was found to be in the range of 1.99 to 2.60. Land-use type insignificantly affected α diversity of soil bacteria and soil fungi; however, land-use type significantly affected β diversity of soil bacteria (R = 0.32, p = 0.001) and soil fungi (R = 0.22, p = 0.001). Lastly, there were significant correlations observed between three soil environmental factors—namely, soil pH, porosity, and moisture—and community composition and β diversity of soil bacteria and soil fungi.

Key words: biodiversity, soil bacteria, soil fungi, peri-urban areas

中图分类号:

高燕, 王嵘. 城乡交错区的土壤微生物多样性格局及其影响因素[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 2023(3): 20-32.

Yan GAO, Rong WANG. Diversity pattern and driving factors for soil microbes in a peri-urban area[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(3): 20-32.

图/表 9

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

表2

表3

图5

图6

参考文献 49

1	NAEEM S, DUFFY J E, ZAYALETA E. The functions of biological diversity in an age of extinction. Science, 2012, 336 (6087): 1401- 1406.
2	SOLIVERES S, VAN DER PLAS F, MANNING P, et al. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 2016, 536 (7617): 456- 459.
3	HASSINK J. Effect of soil texture on the size of the microbial biomass and on the amount of c and n mineralized per unit of microbial biomass in dutch grassland soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1994, 26 (11): 1573- 1581.
4	BARDGETT R D, VAN DER PUTTEN W H. Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature, 2014, 515 (7528): 505- 511.
5	VREEKEN-BUIJS M J, HASSINK J, BRUSSAARD L. Relationships of soil microarthropod biomass with organic matter and pore size distribution in soils under different land use. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998, 30 (1): 97- 106.
6	LAMARQUE P, TAPPEINER U, TURNER C, et al. Stakeholder perceptions of grassland ecosystem services in relation to knowledge on soil fertility and biodiversity. Regional Environmental Change, 2011, 11 (4): 791- 804.
7	LIANG J L, LIU J, JIA P, et al. Novel phosphate-solubilizing bacteria enhance soil phosphorus cycling following ecological restoration of land degraded by mining. The ISME Journal, 2020, 14 (6): 1600- 1613.
8	BARRIOS E. Soil biota, ecosystem services and land productivity. Ecological Economics, 2007, 64 (2): 269- 285.
9	WAGG C, BENDER S F, WIDMER F, et al. Soil biodiversity and soil community composition determine ecosystem multifunctionality. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111 (14): 5266- 5270.
10	ADHIKARI K, HARTEMINK A E. Linking soils to ecosystem services—A global review. Geoderma, 2016, 262, 101- 111.
11	JING X, SANDERS N J, SHI Y, et al. The links between ecosystem multifunctionality and above- and belowground biodiversity are mediated by climate. Nature Communications, 2015, 6 (1): 8159.
12	DELGADO-BAQUERIZO M, MAESTRE F T, REICH P B, et al. Microbial diversity drives multifunctionality in terrestrial ecosystems. Nature Communications, 2016, 7 (1): 10541.
13	GONG P, LIANG S, CARLTON E J, et al. Urbanisation and health in China. The Lancet, 2012, 379 (9818): 843- 852.
14	GAO X, CAO M, ZHANG Y, et al. Towards sustainability: An assessment of an urbanisation bubble in China using a hierarchical - Stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis - Choquet integral method. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 279, 123650.
15	WANDL A, MAGONI M. Sustainable planning of peri-urban areas: Introduction to the special issue. Planning Practice & Research, 2017, 32 (1): 1- 3.
16	NILSSON K, PAULEIT S, BELL S, et al. Peri-urban Futures: Scenarios and Models for Land Use Change in Europe [M]. New York: Springer, 2013.
17	GENELETTI D, LA ROSA D, SPYRA M, et al. A review of approaches and challenges for sustainable planning in urban peripheries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2017, 165, 231- 243.
18	LIU K L, PENG M H, HUNG Y C, et al. Effects of park size, peri-urban forest spillover, and environmental filtering on diversity, structure, and morphology of ant assemblages in urban park. Urban Ecosystems, 2019, 22 (4): 643- 656.
19	GODDARD M A, DOUGILL A J, BENTON T G. Scaling up from gardens: Biodiversity conservation in urban environments. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2010, 25 (2): 90- 98.
20	SYLLA M, HAGEMANN N, SZEWRAŃSKI S. Mapping trade-offs and synergies among peri-urban ecosystem services to address spatial policy. Environmental Science & Policy, 2020, 112, 79- 90.
21	VAN DER HEIJDEN M G A, BARDGETT R D, VAN STRAALEN N M. The unseen majority: Soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 2008, 11 (3): 296- 310.
22	STEPHANOU C, OMIROU M, PHILIPPOT L, et al. Land use in urban areas impacts the composition of soil bacterial communities involved in nitrogen cycling. A case study from Lefkosia (Nicosia) Cyprus. Scientific Reports, 2021, 11 (1): 8198.
23	BAHRAM M F, HILDEBRAND S K, FORSLUND J L, et al. Structure and function of the global topsoil microbiome. Nature, 2018, 560 (7717): 233- 237.
24	ZHANG K M, DELGADO-BAQUERIZO Y G, ZHU H. Space is more important than season when shaping soil microbial communities at a large spatial scale [J]. mSystems, 2020, 5(3): e00783-19.
25	ITO NH, IWANAGA S, CHARLES B, et al. Geographical variation in soil bacterial community structure in tropical forests in Southeast Asia and temperate forests in Japan based on pyrosequencing analysis of 16S rRNA. Genes & Genetic Systems, 2017, 92 (1): 1- 20.
26	LIU L A, BARBERÁN C, GAO Z, et al. Impact of urbanization on soil microbial diversity and composition in the megacity of Shanghai. Land Degradation & Development, 2022, 33 (2): 282- 293.
27	胡瀚文, 魏本胜, 沈兴华, 等. 上海市中心城区城市用地扩展的时空特征. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24 (12): 7.
28	张辉. 土壤环境学实验教程 [M]. 上海: 上海交通大学出版社, 2009.
29	王景明. 土壤学实验指导 [M]. 南昌: 江西科学技术出版社, 2011.
30	WEISBERG S, FOX J. An R Companion to Applied Regression [M]. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. 2019.
31	DE MENDIBURU DELGADO F. Una herramienta de análisis estadístico para la investigación agrícola [D/OL]. Lima, Perú: Universidad Nacional De Ingeniería. (2018-11-05)[2021-07-02]. https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/2356485.
32	BOLGER A M, LOHSE M, USADEL B. Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics, 2014, 15, 2114- 2120.
33	LIU Y X, WEN T, CHEN T. Microbiota/amplicon: Statistics and visualization for microbiome data, R package [EB/OL]. (2020-05-25)[2021-07-25]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AmpliconDuo/index.html.
34	OKSANEN J, BLANCHET F G, FRIENDLY M, et al. Vegan: Community ecology package, R package [EB/OL]. (2021-08-02)[2022-03-11]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/vegan/index.html.
35	PARADIS E, SCHLIEP K. ape 5.0: An environment for modern phylogenetics and evolutionary analyses in R. Bioinformatics, 2019, 35, 526- 528.
36	SEGATA N, IZARD J, WALDRON L, et al. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation[J]. Genome Biology, 2011, 12(6): R60.
37	RAIVO K. Pretty heatmaps, R package [EB/OL]. (2019-01-04)[2021-08-21]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/pheatmap/index.html.
38	MONTAGNA M, BERRUTI A, BIANCIOTTO V, et al. Differential biodiversity responses between kingdoms (plants, fungi, bacteria and metazoa) along an Alpine succession gradient. Molecular Ecology, 2018, 27 (18): 3671- 3685.
39	EPP SCHMIDT D J, POUYAT R, SZLAVECZ K, et al. Urbanization erodes ectomycorrhizal fungi diversity and may cause microbial communities to converge. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 2017, 1 (5): 0123.
40	WOOD J R, HOLDAWAY R J, ORWIN K H, et al. No single driver of biodiversity: Divergent responses of multiple taxa across land use types. Ecosphere, 2017, 8 (11): e01997.
41	WANG C, MASOUDI A, WANG M, et al. Land-use types shape soil microbial compositions under rapid urbanization in the Xiong’an New Area, China. Science of The Total Environment, 2021, 777, 145976.
42	MARCZYLO E L, MACCHIARULO S, GANT T W. Metabarcoding of soil fungi from different urban greenspaces around bournemouth in the UK. EcoHealth, 2021, 18 (11): 1612- 9210.
43	BALAMI S, VAŠUTOVÁ M, GODBOLD D, et al. Soil fungi communities across land use types. IForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 2020, 13 (6): 548- 558.
44	CARDOSO E J B N, VASCONCELLOS R L F, BINI D, et al. Soil health: Looking for suitable indicators. What should be considered to assess the effects of use and management on soil health?. Scientia Agricola, 2013, 70 (4): 274- 289.
45	FIERER N, JACKSON R B. The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006, 103 (3): 626- 631.
46	LAUBER C L, STRICKLAND M S, BRADFORD M A, et al. The influence of soil properties on the structure of bacterial and fungi communities across land-use types. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2008, 40 (9): 2407- 2415.
47	DING L, ZHOU J, LI Q, et al. Effects of land-use type and flooding on the soil microbial community and functional genes in reservoir riparian zones. Microbial Ecology, 2022, 83, 393- 407.
48	DE GRUYTER J, WEEDON J T, BAZOT S, et al. Patterns of local, intercontinental and interseasonal variation of soil bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 2020, 96 (3): 3.
49	JANGID K, WILLIAMS M A, FRANZLUEBBERS A J, et al. Relative impacts of land-use, management intensity and fertilization upon soil microbial community structure in agricultural systems. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2008, 40 (11): 2843- 2853.

土地利用类型	土壤酸碱度	土壤孔隙度/%	土壤含水率/%
耕地	7.13±0.77^a	28.50±0.05^a	24.75±7.17^a
坑塘水域	7.31±0.45^a	19.87±0.02^b	8.35±3.23^b
仓储用地	7.93±0.25^a	20.65±0.03^b	12.24±4.96^b
居民居住区	7.59±0.50^a	15.83±0.03^b	9.62±3.71^b

土壤微生物类群	变量名	Sums of Sqs	Mean Sqs	F	R²	p	置换数
土壤细菌	土地利用类型	1.184	0.395	2.362	0.27	0.001	999
	土壤孔隙度	0.520	0.520	2.841	0.12	0.003	999
	土壤含水率	0.405	0.405	2.149	0.09	0.008	999
	土壤酸碱度	0.284	0.284	1.460	0.07	0.091	999
土壤真菌	土地利用类型	1.627	0.542	1.374	0.18	0.007	999
	土壤孔隙度	0.464	0.464	1.125	0.05	0.246	999
	土壤含水率	0.563	0.563	1.380	0.06	0.037	999
	土壤酸碱度	0.531	0.531	1.297	0.06	0.083	999

土壤微生物类群	土地利用类型	R	p	置换数
土壤细菌	耕地和坑塘水域	0.219	0.020	999
	耕地和仓储用地	–0.024	0.558	999
	耕地和居民居住区	0.427	0.002	999
	坑塘水域和仓储用地	0.473	0.006	999
	坑塘水域和居民居住区	0.316	0.011	999
	仓储用地和居民居住区	0.641	0.004	999
土壤真菌	耕地和坑塘水域	0.324	0.001	999
	耕地和仓储用地	–0.003	0.434	999
	耕地和居民居住区	0.176	0.103	999
	坑塘水域和仓储用地	0.392	0.009	999
	坑塘水域和居民居住区	0.133	0.059	999
	仓储用地和居民居住区	0.296	0.022	999

[1]	杨春懿, 马广翔, 顾俊杰, 顾佳艳, 何国富, 孔维鑫, 杨根森. 底泥疏浚生态环境效应的后评价研究——以山东省某河段整治为例[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(3): 61-70.
[2]	邢诗晨, 戴尊, 陈星, 王健. 浙江省2种叶附生唇鳞苔属植物新记录[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 2022(1): 70-75.
[3]	王春叶，周斌，丁晓东，黄备. 围垦对椒江口夏季浮游植物群落结构和多样性的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 2014(4): 141-153，179.
[4]	田波，周云轩，袁琳，赵云龙，陈亚瞿，袁晓，曹勇. 长江口横沙浅滩区域湿地生物多样性和生态环境现状调查与评估[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 2013(4): 120-127.
[5]	刘宝兴;由文辉;. 黄浦江上游大型底栖动物生物多样性现状[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 2007(4): 124-131.