周丛生物调控技术对水-土界面生态修复及保护作用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了周丛生物特点以及周丛生物调控技术在水土生态修复及温室气体调控中的研究进展, 阐述了利用周丛生物对污染物的富集特性、去除特点及其介导碳循环功能构建的周丛生物捕获、调控技术的应用情景, 探讨了环境胁迫下应用该技术在富集去除环境新污染物、资源回收方面的作用及功能, 明晰了其对生态群落恢复、生态系统调控的潜在优势. 展望了在周丛生物功能强化的基础上, 融合新型技术, 构建基于水-土界面空间优化的系统性集成化周丛生物调控技术, 可为周丛生物调控技术在水-土界面生态修复中的运用前景提供借鉴意义, 并为绿色低碳的二次资源回收提供技术支持.

关键词: 周丛生物, 微生物调控, 生态修复, 资源回收

Abstract:

The study summarized the characteristics of periphyton biology, investigating of periphyton bioregulation technology in water and soil ecological restoration and greenhouse gas regulation. The application scenarios of periphyton biocapture and bioregulation technology that utilizes the enrichment and removal characteristics of pollutants by periphyton and their mediating carbon cycle functions were expounded. The effect and function of applying this technology in enriching and removing novel environmental pollutants and resource recovery under environmental stress were discussed in depth. Its potential advantages for ecological community restoration and ecosystem regulation were clarified. Finally, constructing a systematic and integrated periphyton bioregulation technology based on spatial optimization of water-soil interface, coupling with the integration of new technologies for the enhancement of periphyton functions, was proposed, which will provide a perspective for the application of periphyton bioregulation technology in the ecological restoration of the water-soil interface. The prospects provide technical support for green and low-carbon secondary resource recycling technology.

Key words: periphyton, microbial regulation, ecological restoration, resource recovery

中图分类号:

X171

江文亮, 胡百成, 李丹, 吴永红, 叶红梅. 周丛生物调控技术对水-土界面生态修复及保护作用的研究进展[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(2): 1-11.

Wenliang JIANG, Baicheng HU, Dan LI, Yonghong WU, Hongmei YE. Research progress on the ecological restoration and protection of the water-soil interface by periphyton bioregulation techniques[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(2): 1-11.

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处理工艺	作用原理	核心物质	优点	缺点	应用场景	参考文献
活性污泥法	通过活性污泥中的微生物形成的絮状体, 吸附分解水中的有机物质, 并将其转化为二氧化碳和水	异养菌和腐生性真菌	运行费用较低, 且能实现生物脱氮除磷	1. 处理效果不稳定, 受外部环境影响较大; 2. 产生大量污泥, 增加处理成本和环境负担	水质净化	[24−26]
膜生物反应器	通过膜分离组件截留生化反应池中的活性污泥和大分子有机物	微生物和膜组件	抗冲击负荷能力强, 占地面积小, 污染物去除效率高	易造成膜污染, 使膜使用寿命大幅缩短, 增加运行成本	水质净化	[27−28]
生物滤池法	污染物经过滤料表面附着微生物的吸附和降解作用得以去除	微生物	耐受冲击负荷的能力较强, 有机污染物的去除效果较好	易存在布气不均、堵塞、卫生条件较差等问题	水质净化	[27] [29−30]
序批式生物膜法	通过生物膜的形成和附着、底物降解和氧气传递等过程, 实现了废水处理和废水净化的功能	微生物	1. 对毒性物质和冲击负荷具有较强的抵抗性; 2. 污泥沉降性能好, 避免了污泥膨胀的问题	1. 受外部环境影响较大; 2. 需要定期清洁和维护, 增加了运行成本和维护难度	水质净化	[31−33]
周丛生物膜法	通过周丛生物的生物化学作用, 降解和吸附水体中的多种营养物质和有机污染物, 实现生态修复	周丛生物	1. 完善的微生态系统, 具有多重重要的生态功能及应对外部胁迫的能力; 2. 对各种环境下对污染物的去除效果良好; 3. 能进行资源回收, 如金属矿物质、磷等	周丛生物易受环境因子影响, 如温度、光照、营养等	水质净化, 生境构建, 土壤修复, 资源回收	[1−4] [20−21]

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