腐熟羊粪有机肥配施化肥对青稞田土壤肥力及产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究腐熟羊粪作为有机肥与化肥配施对青稞田土壤肥力及产量的影响, 在拉萨市农区试验基地进行了青稞种植常规施肥. 通过增施氯化钾和腐熟羊粪, 适量减施尿素和磷酸二铵, 设置4个不同处理进行田间试验, 分别为常规施肥处理T1 (羊粪5250 kg/hm² + 尿素180 kg/hm² + 磷酸二铵180 kg/hm²)、T2 (羊粪5250 kg/hm² + 尿素150 kg/hm² + 磷酸二铵120 kg/hm² + 氯化钾30 kg/hm²)、T3 (羊粪10500 kg/hm² + 尿素150 kg/hm² + 磷酸二铵120 kg/hm² + 氯化钾30 kg/hm²) 和T4 (羊粪15750 kg/hm² + 尿素135 kg/hm² + 磷酸二铵75 kg/hm² + 氯化钾30 kg/hm²). 研究结果表明, 不同施肥模式下, 土壤有机质、全氮和全钾的含量均表现为收获后比种植前有所下降; 在T1处理下, 全磷和有效磷的含量较种植前有所增加; 在T3处理下, 腐熟羊粪作为有机肥与化肥配施, 速效氮、磷、钾的含量和pH值在收获后比种植前略有所增加; 在T1和T4处理下, 成熟期青稞的株高和生物产量积累较高. 随着腐熟羊粪有机肥替代化肥比例的升高, 青稞产量呈现先增加后下降的变化趋势, 在T3处理下, 化肥替代率为16.67%时青稞产量最高, 达5323.65 kg/hm². 腐熟羊粪作为有机肥与化肥配施有利于改善青稞田土壤的供肥能力, 提高青稞产量. 该项研究可为西藏青稞田种植中合理施肥、减少农田面源污染提供参考.

关键词: 腐熟羊粪有机肥, 青稞, 土壤肥力, 产量

Abstract:

To study the effects of the combined application of decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the soil fertility and yield of highland barley fields (currently treated with conventional fertilization for highland barley planting in the Lhasa agricultural area), four different treatments were prepared for the field experiment by increasing the application of potassium chloride and decomposed sheep manure, and reducing the amount of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). The treatments follow: T1 conventional fertilization (sheep manure 5250 kg/hm²+ urea 180 kg/hm² + DAP 180 kg/hm²), T2 (sheep manure 5250 kg/hm² + urea 150 kg/hm²+ DAP 120 kg/hm² + potassium chloride 30 kg/hm²), T3 (sheep manure 10500 kg/hm² + urea 150 kg/hm² + DAP 120 kg/hm² + potassium chloride 30 kg/hm²), and T4 (sheep manure 15750 kg/hm² + urea 135 kg/hm² + DAP 75 kg/hm² + potassium chloride 30 kg/hm²). The results showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total potassium decreased after harvesting compared with the situation before planting according to different fertilization modes. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and pH of T3 increased slightly after harvesting compared with their levels before planting. Total and available phosphorus in T1 also increased after harvesting compared with their levels before planting. The height and biomass of highland barley were higher in the mature stage after applications of T1 and T4 treatments. With an increase in the proportion of decomposed sheep manure instead of chemical fertilizer, the yield of highland barley initially increased and then decreased. When the fertilizer substitution rate for T3 reached 16.67%, the yield of highland barley reached 5323.65 kg/hm². Study findings indicate that the combined application of decomposed sheep manure and chemical fertilizer is beneficial for improving the fertilizer supply capacity of soil and increasing the yield of highland barley. This study provides a reference for rational fertilization and the reduction of non-point source pollution in highland barley fields in Tibet.

Key words: decomposed sheep manure organic fertilizer, highland barley, soil fertility, yield

中图分类号:

S512.3

宋国英, 边巴卓玛, 刘国一. 腐熟羊粪有机肥配施化肥对青稞田土壤肥力及产量的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(4): 77-83.

Guoying SONG, Zhuoma BIANBA, Guoyi LIU. Effects of decomposed sheep manure combined with chemical fertilizer on the soil fertility and yield of highland barley fields[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(4): 77-83.

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施肥处理	株高/cm						生物产量/ (t/hm²)
施肥处理	三叶一心	分蘖期	拔节期	抽穗期	灌浆期	成熟期	生物产量/ (t/hm²)
T1	13.53 ± 0.13^a	18.70 ± 0.45^a	51.12 ± 0.72^a	79.30 ± 0.10^a	91.21 ± 0.61^a	92.3 ± 0.58^a	28.4 ± 3.0^a
T2	13.12 ± 1.93^a	19.01 ± 1.16^a	48.54 ± 1.54^b	71.72 ± 1.26^b	84.9 ± 1.55^c	89.7 ± 0.66^b	24.2 ± 3.3^a
T3	12.27 ± 0.30^a	18.75 ± 1.31^a	47.59 ± 0.69^b	71.42 ± 0.96^b	85.53 ± 0.93^bc	90.07 ± 0.45^b	24.7 ± 1.8^a
T4	13.06 ± 0.65^a	18.71 ± 1.20^a	49.88 ± 0.50^ab	68.6 ± 0.78^c	88.23 ± 0.81^b	91.07 ± 0.40^ab	25.8 ± 4.3^a

施肥处理	穗粒数/(粒/株)	有效成穗数/(10⁴株/hm²)	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	较T2增产情况/%
T1	44.35 ± 0.48^b	304.65 ± 7.65^a	37.46 ± 0.16^c	5034.30 ± 270.30^a	7.91
T2	43.24 ± 0.15^c	304.65 ± 7.65^a	36.78 ± 0.33^b	4665.15 ± 113.55^b	0
T3	45.00 ± 0.20^a	304.65 ± 7.65^a	38.24 ± 0.33^a	5323.65 ± 70.50^a	14.11
T4	44.62 ± 0.16^ab	304.65 ± 7.65^a	38.09 ± 0.31^a	5177.85 ± 153.15^a	10.99

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