长江口海三棱藨草种子产量与休眠萌发特性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海三棱藨草 (Scirpus mariqueter) 是长江口盐沼生态系统的先锋种和关键物种, 其有性生殖产生的种子是种群实现长距离扩散的主要方式. 以海三棱藨草种群为对象, 通过野外调查、种子存储实验和萌发实验等方法, 研究了潮滩不同高程处海三棱藨草种群的种子产量和种子休眠萌发特性. 结果表明, 潮滩高程对海三棱藨草种群的植株密度和种子产量有显著影响 (p < 0.05). 海三棱藨草种群的植株密度与种子产量: 在高程2.8 m以上的潮滩采样区最高, 分别为(682 ± 27)株/m²和(1724 ± 101)粒/m²; 高程2.5 ~ 2.8 m潮滩采样区次之, 分别为(256 ± 41)株/m²和(613 ± 101)粒/m²; 高程2.0 ~ 2.5 m的潮滩采样区最低, 为(138 ± 27)株/m²和无种子. 适宜生境中, 成熟海三棱藨草群落的种子产量可高达(1724 ± 101)粒/m². 种子存储与萌发实验结果表明, 海三棱藨草种子在当年秋季成熟后处于固有休眠状态, 进入土壤种子库后经冬季低温春化作用进入强制休眠. 当春季温湿条件适宜时可迅速萌发. 若种子在春季处于深度淤积或淹水等环境胁迫下不能萌发, 经夏季高温抑制后种子重新进入诱导休眠状态. 处于诱导休眠状态的种子需要再次春化过程才能解除休眠, 可在条件适宜时萌发. 海三棱藨草种子进入诱导休眠后可存活多年, 属于持久种子库. 研究结果有助于了解海三棱藨草种子的生物学特性, 为海三棱藨草种群的生态修复和重建提供重要的科学依据.

关键词: 长江口, 盐沼, 海三棱藨草, 种子产量, 种子休眠与萌发, 土壤种子库

Abstract:

Scirpus mariqueter is a pioneer and keystone species of the salt marsh ecosystem in the Yangtze River Estuary. Seeds produced via sexual reproduction are the primary means of long-distance population dispersal. This study investigated the seed production, characteristics of dormancy, and germination of S. mariqueter populations along gradients of elevation in tidal flats using field surveys, seed storage experiments, and germination tests. The results of seed production studies showed that the elevation of tidal flats significantly influenced plant density and seed production of S. mariqueter (p < 0.05). Sampling areas at an elevation of 2.8 m and above were found to have the highest plant density and seed production at (682 ± 27) ind/m² and (1724 ± 101) seeds/m², respectively. Areas between 2.5 ~ 2.8 m of elevation had a plant density of (256 ± 41) ind/m² and a seed production of (613 ± 101) seeds/m². The lowest values were observed in sampling areas between 2.0 ~ 2.5 m elevation, with a plant density of (138 ± 27) ind/m² and absence of seed production. The seed production of mature communities in suitable habitats could reach up to (1724 ± 101) seeds/m². The results of seed storage, dormancy, and germination experiments showed that the seeds of S. mariqueter matured in autumn with an inherent dormancy state. After being buried in soil seed banks, the seeds enter enforced dormancy during winter. These seeds can germinate rapidly in spring when temperature and moisture conditions in favorable habitats become suitable. However, if the seeds experience environmental stresses during this period, such as deep sedimentation or flooding, they cannot germinate and instead will re-enter induced dormancy during the high temperatures of summer. Seeds in induced dormancy require another process of vernalization to break dormancy and germinate under suitable conditions. The seeds of S. mariqueter can survive for many years after entering induced dormancy and can be placed in a persistent seed bank. The findings of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of seed biology for S. mariqueter and provide an important scientific basis for the ecological restoration and reconstruction of S. mariqueter populations.

Key words: the Yangtze River Estuary, saltmarshes, Scirpus mariqueter, seed production, seed dormancy and germination, soil seed bank

中图分类号:

Q145

田丰, 袁琳, 张利权, 李阳, 班璐, 陈平伢. 长江口海三棱藨草种子产量与休眠萌发特性研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(2): 68-76.

Feng TIAN, Lin YUAN, Liquan ZHANG, Yang LI, Lu BAN, Pingya CHEN. Study on seed production, characteristics of dormancy, and germination of Scirpus mariqueter in the Yangtze River Estuary[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(2): 68-76.

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采样区域	高程(h)范围/m
H 样区	h > 2.8
M 样区	2.5 < h ≤ 2.8
L 样区	2.0 < h ≤ 2.5

采样区域	植株密度/(株·m^–2)	植株高度/cm	结穗率/%	每穗种子数/粒	千粒重/g	种子产量/(粒·m^–2)
L 样区	138 ± 27^c	14.0 ± 1.8^b	0^b	0^b	0^b	0^b
M 样区	256 ± 41^b	34.0 ± 1.4^a	86.3 ± 8.5^a	2.6 ± 0.5^a	6.5 ± 0.2^a	613.0 ± 101.0^b
H 样区	682 ± 27^a	34.4 ± 1.1^a	91.0 ± 3.6^a	2.8 ± 0.4^a	6.6 ± 0.2^a	1724.0 ± 101.0^a

种子处理方法	萌发实验时间	萌发率/%
风干放置	2020年12月	1.0 ± 1.3^b
低温层积处理	2021年1月	65.6 ± 2.6^a
室外层积处理	2021年4月	62.1 ± 3.8^a
室外层积处理 + 淹水	2021年7月	0^c
深度淹水后低温层积处理	2021年8月	60.8 ± 4.2^a

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