台风对长江口表层悬沙浓度的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2019.02.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 悬沙浓度是衡量水质的重要指标，其变化对底床冲淤、生物初级生产力及土地资源保护有重要影响.以长江河口海岸区域为例，利用六个典型测站的表层悬沙浓度数据（包括徐六泾、青龙港、高桥、横沙、佘山和芦潮港），以及长时间尺度的连续风速风向、波高、波周期等资料，分析2010-2014年间台风事件对长江口表层悬沙浓度的影响特征.结果表明，在六次台风袭扰下，平均有效波高是台风前2.2倍，平均风速是台风前1.7倍.平均表层悬沙浓度短期可达到0.69 kg/m³，是台风前（0.32 kg/m³）的2倍，个别台风（圆规）影响后悬沙浓度可增大4倍.另外，台风对于长江口不同河段的影响程度不同.河口下段的佘山站与芦潮港站短时间内受到台风影响最为显著，悬沙浓度分别增加167.1%、143.7%；而河口中段敏感性不高，受风速影响相对较小.据长时间尺度数据统计，悬沙浓度在风级1-4级内增长幅度较为平缓，5级以上风级越大相应的悬沙浓度变化幅度越明显.高能量的台风引起的风速和波高变化是促使表层悬沙浓度急剧变化的主要因素，在台风期间因台风影响导致的悬沙浓度变化远大于因潮汐和径流量作用的悬沙浓度变化.该研究有利于台风天气下的海岸带防护，并对多学科交叉研究有重要的意义.

关键词: 悬沙浓度, 台风, 空间差异, 长江口

Abstract: Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) is an important index to measure water quality, and its variations have major influences on seabed erosion/accretion, biological primary productivity, and restoration/loss of land resources. To study the influence of typhoons on the SSC in the Yangtze Estuary, we used surficial SSC data collected at six gauging stations-namely Xuliujing, Qinglonggang, Gaoqiao, Hengsha, Sheshan, and Luchaogang-over the period from 2010 to 2014, as well as continuous data on wind speeds and wave heights over long time scales. The results indicated that wave heights and wind speeds during typhoons were on average 2.2 times and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than those before a typhoon occurred. The mean surficial SSC at the gauging stations also doubled, increasing from 0.32 kg/m³ before typhoons to 0.69 kg/m³ during typhoons. The SSC measured during typhoons was found to be 4 times larger than values observed during calm weather. The typhoons' influences on SSC, moreover, varied across different sections of the Yangtze Estuary. Influences measured at the Sheshan and Luchaogang stations in the outer estuary were the most significant, and the SSC at the two stations increased by 167.1% and 143.7%, respectively. However, the sensitivity of SSC to the typhoons was relatively minor in the inner estuary, where winds' influences were accordingly minimal. Based on long time scale data, the increase of SSC was moderate for wind scales 1-4, and the increase of SSC became evident above a wind scale of 5. Changes in wind speeds and wave heights, resulting from typhoons, were the most dominant factors attributing to the varation in surficial SSC. During typhoon season, the change of surficial SSC caused by typhoons is much greater than the change of surficial SSC due to tidal and runoff effects. This study is beneficial to the protection of coastal engineering during typhoons and has important implications for the study of interdisciplinary fields.

Key words: suspended sediment concentration, typhoon, spatial differences, Yangtze Estuary

中图分类号:

P343.5

王浩斌, 杨世伦, 杨海飞. 台风对长江口表层悬沙浓度的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 2019(2): 195-208.

WANG Hao-bin, YANG Shi-lun, YANG Hai-fei. A study of the surficial suspended sediment concentration in response to typhoons in the Yangtze Estuary[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2019, 2019(2): 195-208.

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