华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (1): 78-86.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.01.007

• 流域生态修复技术创新 • 上一篇    下一篇

3种植物提取物对福寿螺毒杀效果比较研究

张彤1,2(), 赵龙苑1,2, 严广寒1,2, 孔书麟1,2, 黄民生1,2,*(), 郁梦媛1,2, 易阳阳1,2   

  1. 1. 华东师范大学 生态与环境科学学院, 上海　200241
    2. 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室, 太原　030009
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13 接受日期:2025-12-05 出版日期:2026-01-25 发布日期:2026-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄民生 E-mail:ZTong_777@163.com;mshuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张　彤, 女, 博士研究生, 研究方向为水环境治理与修复. E-mail: ZTong_777@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    上海市科委上海工程技术研究中心建设计划(20DZ2250700); 水污染防治与利用山西省重点实验室建设期科研计划项目(SWRFZYLY202502, SWRFZYLY202503)

Comparative study on the molluscicidal effects of three plant extracts against Pomacea canaliculata

Tong ZHANG1,2(), Longyuan ZHAO1,2, Guanghan YAN1,2, Shulin KONG1,2, Minsheng HUANG1,2,*(), Mengyuan YU1,2, Yangyang YI1,2   

  1. 1. School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai　200241, China
    2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Prevention and Utilization, Taiyuan　030009, China
  • Received:2025-06-13 Accepted:2025-12-05 Online:2026-01-25 Published:2026-01-29
  • Contact: Minsheng HUANG E-mail:ZTong_777@163.com;mshuang@des.ecnu.edu.cn

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摘要：

为探究马利筋(Asclepias curassavica L.)、垂序商陆 (Phytolacca acinosa R.) 和水毒芹 (Cicuta virosa L.) 提取物对福寿螺 (Pomacea canaliculata) 的毒杀活性、生理损伤及环境毒性效应, 通过浸杀法系统评估其在不同剂量和处理时间下的毒杀效果, 并检测肝脏关键生理指标变化及水质残毒. 结果表明, 3种植物提取物均呈现剂量-时间依赖性毒杀效果, 其中, 马利筋毒力最强 (48 h亚致死浓度 LC50为0.270 mL/L), 是垂序商陆 (0.819 mL/L) 的3.03倍、水毒芹 (1.071 mL/L) 的3.97倍. 福寿螺肝脏生理指标检测显示, 马利筋和水毒芹诱导的毒性损伤最显著, 总蛋白、丙二醛、过氧化氢酶等反映机体健康状态的物质含量下降, 乙酰胆碱酯酶、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶等与肝脏的解毒功能密切相关的酶活性上升. 水质残毒结果显示, 马利筋对发光菌抑制率最高 (LC75浓度下达到75%), 垂序商陆的生态风险最低 (LC75浓度下抑制率为56%). 与传统化学杀螺剂相比, 马利筋和垂序商陆提取物均具有较高的生态安全性, 更适合生态友好型防控应用, 具有作为植物源杀螺剂的开发应用潜力.

关键词: 福寿螺, 植物提取物, 杀螺效果, 肝脏生理指标, 残毒检测

Abstract:

To investigate the molluscicidal activity, hepatotoxic effects, and environmental toxicity of extracts from Asclepias curassavica, Phytolacca americana, and Cicuta virosa against Pomacea canaliculata, the present study systematically evaluated their effects at varying concentrations and exposure times based on an immersion method. Key hepatic physiological indicators and residual toxicity in water were also measured. All three plant extracts exhibited dose- and time-dependent molluscicidal effects. A. curassavica demonstrated the highest toxicity (48 h LC50=0.270 mL/L), being 3.03 times and 3.97 times more potent than P. americana (0.819 mL/L) and C. virosa (1.071 mL/L), respectively. Physiological indicators in the hepatopancreas indicated that toxic damage induced by A. curassavica and C. virosa was the most pronounced. This was reflected by a decrease in the levels of biomarkers associated with organismal damage, such as total protein (TP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT), alongside an increase in activities of enzymes closely related to hepatic detoxification function, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Residual aquatic toxicity results demonstrated that A. curassavica caused the highest inhibition rate in luminescent bacteria (75% at LC75), whereas P. americana posed the lowest ecological risk (56% inhibition rate). Compared to traditional chemical molluscicides, the A. curassavica and P. americana extracts exhibit higher ecological safety, rendering them more suitable for eco-friendly control applications and demonstrating significant potential for development as botanical molluscicides.

Key words: Pomacea canaliculata, plant extract, molluscicidal efficacy, hepatopancreas physiological index, residue toxicity test

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