不同潮滩高程下芦苇与互花米草凋落物分解对土壤有机碳的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究采用分解袋法, 以长江口崇明东滩湿地为研究区, 基于自然潮滩高程梯度选取高潮滩 (HM) 和低潮滩 (LM) 两个样地, 通过为期一年的野外实验, 探讨本地植物芦苇 (Phragmites australis) 和外来植物互花米草 (Spartina alterniflora) 凋落物分解对土壤碳库的影响. 结果表明, HM样地平均分解速率高于LM样地, 互花米草和芦苇在HM的平均分解速率分别达0.0032 d^–1和0.0021 d^–1, 尤其在360 d较LM显著高出16%和15%. 分解前中期 (0~180 d), LM芦苇分解更快 (p<0.01), 但中后期 (270~360 d) HM加速. LM溶解有机碳向微生物生物量碳转化减少, 而颗粒有机碳累积增加, 但随时间延长, LM残余颗粒有机碳不足以补偿其低基线水平. 实验结束时, HM土壤颗粒有机碳、矿物结合有机碳和总有机碳储量显著高于LM, 与HM中颗粒有机碳和微生物量碳对矿物结合有机碳的高贡献有关. 芦苇总有机碳在分解早期快速达峰, 源于HM中微生物量碳和矿物结合有机碳高效形成及LM中颗粒有机碳积累; 后期, HM互花米草碳含量反超芦苇, 与其总氮条件改善相关, 但LM处理下互花米草和芦苇各碳组分含量没有显著差异. 研究显示, 潮汐淹没通过调控土壤理化环境显著影响分解和碳库动态, 植物种类差异进一步塑造碳循环模式, 湿地管理需综合考虑水文条件和植被选择以优化碳封存.

关键词: 湿地植物, 潮滩高程, 凋落物分解, 微生物量碳, 矿物结合有机碳, 土壤有机碳分配

Abstract:

In this study, we examined the synergistic effects of tidal inundation and vegetation type on litter decomposition and soil carbon dynamics in coastal wetlands, quantifying their influence on organic carbon (OC) fractions and providing a scientific foundation for enhancing wetland carbon sequestration. Specifically, we assessed how the co-effects of hydrological conditions and plant, species contribute to promoting the cycling of carbon. The study was conducted in the Chongming Dongtan wetland area of the Yangtze Estuary, in which we performed a 1-year in situ litter decomposition experiment, using Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora, to compare two tidal flood environments, namely, high (HM) and low (LM) elevational marshland areas. The rates of plant decomposition were determined based on the litter bag method, and soil samples were analyzed for the contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), using density fractionation and fumigation extraction techniques. The results revealed higher rates of decomposition in HM than in LM, with S. alterniflora and P. australis being characterized by rates of 0.0032 d^–1 and 0.0021 d^–1 in HM, respectively, which were 16% and 15% higher than those in LM at 360 days. Whereas initially, the decomposition of P. australis was more rapid in LM (p<0.01), the rates in HM were more pronounced during the latter stages of measurement. In HM, we detected significant elevations in the stocks of soil POC, MAOC, and SOC, associated with the efficient conversion of POC and MBC to MAOC, whereas in LM, we observed a lower DOC-to-MBC conversion and limited accumulation of POC. In addition, the type of vegetation was found to have an influence on carbon dynamics, with the levels of P. australis SOC peaking earlier in HM due to efficient conversion, whereas during the latter stages of the experiment, the levels of S. alterniflora SOC surpassed those of P. australis. Comparatively, in LM, the type of plant had a minimal influence on the dynamics of carbon fractions. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that by shaping the soil environment, tidal inundation can have a pronounced regulatory effect on the rates of plant decomposition and soil carbon stocks, with the species of plant modulating the conversion of carbon fractions in response to differing hydrological conditions. Compared with the marshland at lower elevations, that at higher elevations was established to have a greater carbon sequestration potential. On the basis of these observations, we recommend that wetland management should integrate hydrological and vegetation factors to optimize carbon storage, and further research should focus on the microbial mechanisms underlying these processes.

Key words: wetland plants, tidal elevation gradients, litter decomposition, microbial biomass carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, SOC partitioning

中图分类号:

Q948

董心涵, 闫中正. 不同潮滩高程下芦苇与互花米草凋落物分解对土壤有机碳的影响[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2026, 2026(3): 69-87.

Xinhan DONG, Zhongzheng YAN. Effects of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora litter decomposition on soil organic carbon at different tidal flat elevations[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2026, 2026(3): 69-87.

图/表 11

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

分解过程中高潮滩 (HM) 和低潮滩 (LM) 互花米草 (SA) 和芦苇 (PA) 凋落物邻近土壤和空白对照土壤的温度、水分、盐度、pH、TN和C/N"

样本	温度/℃				水分/%
样本	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d
HM-SA	29.1±1.0^Aa	7.9±0.5^Ab	12.4±0.6^Ac	20.7±0.3^Ad	48.9±2.6^Aa	57.6±6.5^Ab	56.4±5.9^Ab	51.5±2.1^Aa
LM-SA	27.9±0.3^Ba	9.4±0.4^Bb	11.8±0.5^Bc	21.9±0.1^Bd	49.7±3.3^Aa	65.3±9.2^Ab	61.8±6.5^Ab	52.1±4.1^Aa
HM-PA	28.6±0.8^Aa	8.4±0.3^Ab	11.8±0.6^Ac	20.8±0.5^Ad	48.3±1.6^Aa	48.7±9.3^Aa	55.8±8.2^Ab	44.8±6.9^Aa
LM-PA	27.7±0.4^Ba	9.3±0.6^Bb	11.9±1.6^Ac	22.2±0.3^Bd	49.9±4.9^Aa	60.8±9.1^Bb	55.1±6.4^Aab	52.0±2.3^Ba
HM-Control	30.5±0.7^Aa	8.5±0.1^Ab	11.4±1.1^Ac	20.6±0.3^Ad	44.8±6.1^Aa	55.8±2.1^Aa	47.3±12.1^Aa	44.2±6.6^Aa
LM-Control	28.5±0.2^Ba	9.8±0.3^Bb	11.1±0.7^Ac	22.3±0.1^Bd	37.5±2.5^Aa	52.2±20.5^Aab	61.0±1.5^Ab	49.4±1.3^Aab

样本	盐度/ppt				pH
样本	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d
HM-SA	0.67±0.11^Aa	2.20±0.66^Ab	1.60±0.29^Ab	0.46±0.08^Ac	8.57±0.15^Aa	8.80±0.10^Ab	9.25±0.05^Ac	8.99±0.10^Ab
LM-SA	0.90±0.20^Ba	2.67±0.58^Ab	2.28±0.35^Bb	0.85±0.32^Ba	8.90±0.00^Ba	9.03±0.06^Ba	9.03±0.21^Aa	8.93±0.15^Aa
HM-PA	0.72±0.14^Aa	1.63±0.47^Ab	1.72±0.47^Ab	0.50±0.15^Ac	8.63±0.15^Aa	9.01±0.10^Ab	9.17±0.15^Ab	9.09±0.10^Ab
LM-PA	0.89±0.32^Aa	2.40±0.57^Bb	1.91±0.31^Ab	1.03±0.20^Ba	8.90±0.10^Aa	8.95±0.05^Aa	8.95±0.15^Aa	8.93±0.15^Aa
HM-Control	0.66±0.07^Aa	1.88±0.23^Ab	1.40±0.64^Ab	0.53±0.05^Aa	8.93±0.15^Aa	9.03±0.15^Aa	9.03±0.15^Aa	9.02±0.25^Aa
LM-Control	0.47±0.06^Ba	2.10±1.23^Ab	2.35±0.24^Ab	0.53±0.08^Aa	9.15±0.05^Aa	9.15±0.05^Aa	9.20±0.10^Aa	9.30±0.20^Aa

样本	TN/(g·kg^–1)				C/N
样本	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d	90 d	180 d	270 d	360 d
HM-SA	0.42±0.11^Aa	0.30±0.05^Ab	0.47±0.12^Aa	0.29±0.05^Ab	5.77±0.98^Aa	11.68±3.09^Ab	8.30±0.87^Ac	9.94±1.01^Ac
LM-SA	0.49±0.18^Aa	0.39±0.06^Bab	0.32±0.16^Bbc	0.23±0.05^Bc	5.92±1.29^Aa	10.21±3.52^Ab	6.18±2.25^Ba	6.66±0.64^Ba
HM-PA	0.39±0.09^Aab	0.42±0.08^Aa	0.34±0.07^Ab	0.25±0.05^Ac	6.06±1.18^Aa	9.24±1.57^Ab	9.03±0.88^Ab	9.21±1.70^Ab
LM-PA	0.69±0.31^Ba	0.38±0.14^Ab	0.32±0.09^Ab	0.25±0.07^Ab	5.26±0.93^Aa	8.51±1.57^Ab	5.23±1.51^Ba	7.34±1.63^Bb
HM-Control	0.41±0.07^Aa	0.32±0.04^Aab	0.25±0.11^Ab	0.26±0.05^Ab	4.03±0.22^Aa	8.58±0.55^Ab	6.87±1.18^Abc	6.10±1.48^Ac
LM-Control	0.37±0.06^Aa	0.26±0.14^Aa	0.24±0.04^Aa	0.22±0.07^Aa	3.71±0.41^Aa	6.35±0.31^Bb	4.39±0.31^Bc	4.88±0.18^Ac

表3

图4

图5

表4

表5

图6

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样地	温度/℃	水分/%	盐度/ppt	氧化还原电位/mV	黏土/%	粉砂/%	砂土/%
HM	22.4±1.0^A	44.5±8.6^A	1.7±0.6^A	72.7±171.2^A	4.1	70.5	25.4
LM	25.2±0.6^B	44.6±6.0^A	1.7±0.4^A	205.1±154.5^B	3.1	59.9	37.1

凋落物	TN/(g·kg^–1)	TC/(g·kg^–1)	C/N	半纤维素/%	纤维素/%	可溶性化合物/%	木质素/%
SA	6.1±0.8^A	419.3±1.2^A	69.2±9.4^A	13.7±0.1^A	35.7±0.1^A	43.7±0.1^A	6.9±0.1^A
PA	9.5±0.3^B	394.4±3.0^B	41.5±1.6^B	12.7±0.6^A	36.9±1.3^A	41.9±2.0^A	8.5±0.1^B

变量	效应	F	p-value
SOC	时间	9.388	0.0008
	高程	7.691	0.0136
	时间×高程	7.650	0.0022
DOC	时间	142.800	<0.0001
	高程	39.690	<0.0001
	时间×高程	22.850	<0.0001
	时间×植物类型	3.490	0.0404
MBC	时间	46.680	<0.0001
	高程	55.910	<0.0001
	植物类型	6.756	0.0194
	时间×高程	6.127	0.0056
	时间×植物类型	5.373	0.0094
	高程×植物类型	8.958	0.0086
	时间×高程×植物类型	5.330	0.0097
POC	时间	22.850	<0.0001
POC	时间×高程	3.978	0.0271
MAOC	时间	12.410	0.0002
	高程	54.120	<0.0001
	时间×高程	13.370	0.0001
	时间×高程×植物类型	4.660	0.0159
k	时间	31.58	<0.0001
k	植物类型	80.36	<0.0001
LR	时间	87.100	<0.0001
	高程	9.307	0.0076
	植物类型	145.500	<0.0001
	时间×高程	10.250	0.0005

凋落物k	温度	水分	盐度	pH	TN	C/N	SOC	DOC	MBC	POC	MAOC
SA-k	0.29*	−0.11	−0.05	−0.48*	0.48**	−0.17	0.19	−0.47*	0.60**	0.51**	−0.15
PA-k	0.32**	0.03	−0.05	−0.28	0.52**	−0.27*	0.36**	−0.57**	0.16	0.41**	−0.11

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