华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 2026 ›› Issue (5): 66-76.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2026.05.006

• 数据智能技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

大规模机器经验主义视角下的人工智能及应用展望

胡仁君*()   

  1. 华东师范大学 数据科学与工程学院, 上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-09 接受日期:2026-07-12 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 胡仁君 E-mail:rjhu@dase.ecnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家数据局委托课题(SJ-kj2026004)

Artificial intelligence through the lens of large-scale machine empiricism and its application prospects

Renjun HU*()   

  1. School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2026-07-09 Accepted:2026-07-12 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-09-12
  • Contact: Renjun HU E-mail:rjhu@dase.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要:

以大模型为代表的人工智能 (AI), 其核心能力源于对大规模人类经验数据的统计建模, 可概括为一种机器经验主义. 在此视角下, AI呈锯齿状特征, 在不同维度上能力极不均匀. 由此引出3种AI应用路径: 协同, 通过互补方法弥补AI能力薄弱面; 原生, 借助感知、推理、规划、反思等涌现能力以智能体形式重构任务; 跨领域迁移, 将生成式建模从自然语言拓展到其他领域. 进一步讲, AI正以自然语言交互、开源模型及词元服务为基座, 大幅降低智能技术使用门槛, 推动技术平权. 最后讨论了该视角对人才培养的启示.

关键词: 人工智能, 机器经验主义, 锯齿状智能, 技术平权

Abstract:

The core capability of artificial intelligence (AI), represented by large language models, stems from statistical modeling over large-scale human experiential data, which can be characterized as a form of machine empiricism. From this perspective, the capacity of AI demonstrates a jagged profile, markedly uneven across dimensions. On this basis, three paradigms for applying AI have emerged: ① synergy, which combines AI with complementary methods to offset its weaknesses; ② AI-native redesign, which leverages emerging capabilities such as perception, reasoning, planning, and reflection to re-engineer tasks as agents; and ③ cross-domain extension, which extends generative modeling beyond natural language to other domains. Furthermore, AI is driving technological equalization by lowering barriers through natural language interfaces, open-source models, and token-based services. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of this perspective for talent cultivation.

Key words: artificial intelligence (AI), machine empiricism, jagged intelligence, technological equalization

中图分类号: