华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2012, Vol. 2012 ›› Issue (2): 25-34,41.

• 教育中的新兴技术与教育信息化技术标准的新趋势 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用质疑改进教育信息技术标准化活动：更多关注其范围和原理

T. HOEL1,  J. MASON2   

  1. 1.奥斯陆和阿克什胡斯应用技术学院 教育研发中心，奥斯陆 0130,挪威；
    2.昆士兰科技大学 教育学院，昆士兰 4001，澳大利亚
  • 收稿日期:2011-09-01 修回日期:2011-12-01 出版日期:2012-03-25 发布日期:2012-03-23

Problematizing the way we do standards: focussing more on scope and rationale

T. HOEL1,  J. MASON2   

  1. 1. Centre for Educational Research and Development, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo NO-0130, Norway;
    2. Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4001, Australia
  • Received:2011-09-01 Revised:2011-12-01 Online:2012-03-25 Published:2012-03-23

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摘要： 标准化对于开发“学习、教育和培训”（LET）中使用的“信息通信技术”（ICT）有重要意义，但ICT的利益相关者（stakeholders）却往往质疑标准化活动.本文提出，利用这种质疑形式来分析和改进当前的ICT标准化活动.讨论了由各方参与产生ICT标准过程的模型框架，其中一系列“为什么”的问题（Why questions）起着重要作用.讨论主要围绕两个方面：一是标准及相关事物在发展过程中的管理与核准；二是如何识别LET中的相关问题与可用来解决这些问题的创新技术.给出了两个事例： 一个是对“内容共享对象参考模型”（Sharable Content Object Reference Model, SCORM）的质疑，这能帮助理解该模型；特别是对其适用范围（scope）的质疑而使该模型更完善.另一个是对制定“新工作条款”（New Work Items）必要性的质疑，使人们认识到澄清标准中有关技术原理（rationale）的重要性.

关键词: 标准管理, ICT标准, 数字化学习, 信息系统架构, 企业框架, ITLET（学习、教育和培训中的信息技术）

Abstract: This paper brings together two perspectives on current developments in information and communications technology (ICT) utilized for the purposes of learning, education, and training (LET). One perspective is concerned with governance and legitimacy issues regarding the process and relevance of standards development; the other, is concerned with the role of discerning relevant questions in LET and the potential scope for innovation that might develop tools to support such discernment. Discussion of information systems architecture is introduced as a means to set the context and provide a framework for bringing together an overall narrative and coherence to these two perspectives. Questions initiated by “why” are of particular interest because they typically demand an explanation in natural language to satisfy the questioner. By focusing on “why” as a key “primitive” of enquiry the authors present an approach that might inform improved processes of ICT for LET (a.k.a ITLET) standardization.

Key words: standards governance, ICT standards, e-Learning, information systems architecture, enterprise frameworks, ITLET

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