三峡建坝后长江宜昌—汉口河段水沙与河床的应变

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2016.02.012

华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2016, Vol. 2016 ›› Issue (2): 90-100.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2016.02.012

三峡建坝后长江宜昌—汉口河段水沙与河床的应变

袁文昊，李茂田，陈中原，尹道卫，韦桃源

华东师范大学地球科学学部，上海200062

收稿日期:2015-03-02 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-07-25
通讯作者: 李茂田，男，副教授，研究方向为河流动力地貌学. E-mail:mtli@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn.
基金资助:
长江中下游典型大坝水库泥沙淤积过程中溶解硅滞留行为探究(41271520)

Responses of runoffsediment flux and bedform in the Middle Yangtze River to the completion of the Three Gorges Dam

YUAN Wen-Hao, LI Mao-Tian, CHEN Zhong-Yuan, YIN Dao-Wei, WEI Tao-Yuan

Received:2015-03-02 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过三峡建坝前后1950—2013年的水文、泥沙与2003年和2011年的实测河床底形资料对比，试图讨论长江中游宜昌—汉口河段水沙及河床地形等应变量对三峡建坝的响应，为人们理解河流水沙及河床冲淤对超大型水库应变的幅度提供具体案例. 三峡建坝后，宜昌站和汉口站年均流量由建坝前的13 850 m3/s和22 650 m3/s（1950—2002）减少到建坝后的12 450 m3/s和21 000 m3/s（2003—2013），分别减少10.1%和7.2%；年均输沙量由5.56亿t和4.02亿t(1950—2002)锐减至0.6亿t和1.5亿t（2003—2013)，分别减少89.5%和62.2%；年均悬沙中值粒径则由35 \mm(1950—2002)和25 \mm(1955—1975)减少至4 \mm和15 \mm(2003—2010). 同时，水流挟沙不饱和能力的增加，引起了河床的沿程冲刷及泥沙粗化，宜枝河段、荆江河段和城汉河段深泓处分别平均冲刷了3.7 m、1.5 m 和 0.4 m，在主槽刷深的同时，河道浅滩有不同程度的萎缩. 三峡建坝已导致中游水沙及冲淤条件发生了巨大改变. 

关键词: 三峡建坝, 长江中游, 应变, 水沙过程, 动力地貌

Abstract: Comparation methods are used to examine the responses of hydrosediment and river bedform after the completion of the Three Gorges Dam. Data are based on the historical data of runoff and sediment discharge (1950—2013) and insite measured data of depth and bedload (2003, 2011). The results demonstrate that the average annual discharge at Yichang and Hankou stations has decreased 10.1% and 7.2% after the Three Gorges Dam completion. The average annual sediment flux of the Yichang and Hankou stations decreased from 556 and 402 Mt/a to 60 and 150 Mt/a, accounted for 89.5% and 62.2% of that have been trapped by the Three Gorges Dam. In addition, the average annual medium diameter of suspended sediment at Yichang and Hankou stations has decreased from 35 \mm and 25 \mm to 4 \mm and 15 \mm, but the bed load has become coarser and coarser. The depth at the thalweg has also increased to 0.4～3.7 m due to the bed erosion after the Three Gorges Dam impoundment.

Key words: completion of the Three Gorges Dam;Middle Yangtze River;response, runoff and sediment processes;dynamical geomorphology

中图分类号:

袁文昊, 李茂田, 陈中原, 尹道卫, 韦桃源. 三峡建坝后长江宜昌—汉口河段水沙与河床的应变[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 2016(2): 90-100.

YUAN Wen-Hao, LI Mao-Tian, CHEN Zhong-Yuan, YIN Dao-Wei, WEI Tao-Yuan. Responses of runoffsediment flux and bedform in the Middle Yangtze River to the completion of the Three Gorges Dam[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, 2016, 2016(2): 90-100.

参考文献

［1］SCHUMM S A, LICHTY R W. Time, space, and causality in geomorphology［J］. American Journal of Science, 1965, 263(2): 110119.

［2］CHORLEY R J, SCHUMM S A, SUGDEN D E. Geomorphology ［M］. New York: Muthuen, 1984.

［3］ASHWORTH P, FERGUSON R I, BRIGHTON U O. Interrelationships of channel processes, changes and sediments in a proglacial braided river［J］. Geografiska Annaler, 1986, 68(4):361371.

［4］KORNIJW R. Controversies around dam reservoirs: Benefits, costs and future［J］. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, 2009, 9(2): 141148.

［5］PETTS G E, GURNELL A M. Dams and geomorphology: Research progress and future directions［J］. Geomorphology, 2005, 71(1): 2747.

［6］WWF. To dam or not to dam? Five years on from the World Commission on Dams［R/OL］. ［20150501］. http://assets.panda.org/downloads/2045.pdf.

［7］倪晋仁, 马蔼乃. 河流动力地貌学［M］. 北京:北京大学出版社, 1998.

［8］COMMISSION ON DAMS W. Dams and development: A new framework for decisionmaking［J］. Environmental Management and Health, 2001, 12(4): 444445.

［9］SCHELLE P, COLLIER U, PITTOCK J. Rivers at risk: Dams and the future of freshwater ecosystems［C］//7th International River Symposium, Brisbane, AUS, 2004.

［10］CHEN Z, LI J, SHEN H, et al. Yangtze River of China: Historical analysis of discharge variability and sediment flux［J］. Geomorphology, 2001, 41(2): 7791.

［11］CHEN Z, YU L, GUPTA A. The Yangtze River: An introduction［J］. Geomorphology, 2001, 41(2): 7375.

［12］YIN H, LI C. Human impact on floods and flood disasters on the Yangtze River［J］. Geomorphology, 2001, 41(2): 105109.

［13］DU Y, XUE H, WU S, et al. Lake area changes in the middle Yangtze region of China over the 20th century［J］. Journal of Environmental Management, 2011, 92(4): 12481255［14］YIN H, LIU G, PI J, et al. On the river–lake relationship of the middle Yangtze reaches［J］. Geomorphology, 2007, 85(3): 197207.

［15］YUAN W, YIN D, FINLAYSON B, et al. Assessing the potential for change in the middle Yangtze River channel following impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam［J］. Geomorphology, 2012, 147: 2734.

［16］袁文昊. 三峡建坝后长江中游河床冲淤的水沙动力过程——新物源对河口供应的预测［D］. 上海：华东师范大学, 2014.

［17］DAI Z, LIU J T. Impacts of large dams on downstream fluvial sedimentation: An example of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on the Changjiang (Yangtze River)［J］. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 480: 1018.

［18］CHEN Z, WANG Z, FINLAYSON B, et al. Implications of flow control by the Three Gorges Dam on sediment and channel dynamics of the middle Yangtze (Changjiang) River, China［J］. Geology, 2010, 38(11): 10431046.

［19］长江水利委员会水文局.长江水文网［EB/OL］.［20150501］.http://www.cjh.com.cn.

［20］长江流域规划办公室. 长江流域水文资料: 长江中游干流区, 1950—1988［R］. 长江流域规划办公室,1988.

［21］中华人民共和国水利部.中国河流泥沙公报\[EB/OL\].\[20150501\]. http://www.mwr.gov.cn/zwzc/hygb/zghlnsgb/.

［22］FOLK R L, WARD W C. Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters［J］. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 1957, 21:327.

［23］ZHANG Q, XU C Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Spatial and temporal variability of precipitation maxima during 1960–2005 in the Yangtze River basin and possible association with largescale circulation［J］. Journal of Hydrology, 2008, 353(3): 215227.

［24］FINLAYSON B L, BARNETT J, WEI T, et al. The drivers of risk to water security in Shanghai［J］. Regional Environmental Change, 2013, 13(2): 329340.

［25］郭乐, 徐涛. 三峡水库 2012 年 “7.24” 洪水调度［J］. 水电厂自动化, 2014(1): 3638.

［26］BRANDT S A. Classification of geomorphological effects downstream of dams［J］. Catena, 2000, 40(4): 375401.

［27］FRIEDL G, WEST A. Disrupting biogeochemical cyclesConsequences of damming［J］. Aquatic Sciences, 2002, 64(1): 5565.

［28］LUO X X, YANG S L, ZHANG J. The impact of the Three Gorges Dam on the downstream distribution and texture of sediments along the middle and lower Yangtze River (Changjiang) and its estuary, and subsequent sediment dispersal in the East China Sea［J］. Geomorphology, 2012, 179: 126140.

［29］钱宁, 万兆惠. 泥沙运动力学［M］. 北京：科学出版社, 1983.

［30］韩其为, 何明民. 水库淤积与河床演变的 (一维) 数学模型［J］. 泥沙研究, 1987（3）: 1429.

［31］YANG S, ZHAO Q, BELKIN I M. Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze River and the influences of human activities［J］. Journal of Hydrology, 2002, 263(1): 5671.

［32］YANG Z S, WANG H J, SAITO Y, et al. Dam impacts on the Changjiang (Yangtze) River sediment discharge to the sea: The past 55 years and after the Three Gorges Dam［J］. Water Resources Research, 2006, 42(4)：110.

［33］YANG S L, MILLIMAN J D, LI P, et al. 50,000 dams later: erosion of the Yangtze River and its delta［J］. Global and Planetary Change, 2011, 75(1): 1420.

三峡建坝后长江宜昌—汉口河段水沙与河床的应变

Responses of runoffsediment flux and bedform in the Middle Yangtze River to the completion of the Three Gorges Dam

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价