印度河流域文明遗传层次的比较生物学分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.202092116

华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2020, Vol. 2020 ›› Issue (S1): 62-66.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.202092116

• 海上丝绸之路与跨区域文明交融 • 上一篇下一篇

印度河流域文明遗传层次的比较生物学分析

KHAN Muhammad Hidayatullah^1,²(), KHAN Muhammad Asadullah^3,⁴, AKBAR Ali^2,⁵, 岳剑¹

1. 中国科学技术大学生命科学学院合肥微尺度物质科学国家实验室, 合肥　230026, 中国
2. 马拉卡德大学下迪尔开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦大学生物技术系, 开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦, 巴基斯坦
3. 安徽农业大学理学院物理化学实验室, 合肥　230036, 中国
4. 斯瓦特大学化学科学研究所, 开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦, 巴基斯坦
5. 辽宁大学生命科学学院分子模拟工程实验室, 沈阳　110036, 中国

收稿日期:2020-04-21 出版日期:2020-12-25 发布日期:2021-01-22

Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization

Muhammad Hidayatullah KHAN^1,²(), Muhammad Asadullah KHAN^3,⁴, Ali AKBAR^2,⁵, Jian YUE¹

1. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei　230026, China
2. Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
3. Physical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Natural Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei　230036, China
4. Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
5. Engineering Laboratory for Molecular Simulation, College of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang　110036, China

Received:2020-04-21 Online:2020-12-25 Published:2021-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文探索了约公元前2600年 ~ 公元1900年之间超过半个世纪印度古文明. 由于气候、经济和社会的变化, 使得其神秘消失, 它被埋藏了将近4000年, 直到英国和印度的考古学家在1920年偶然发现了它的废墟才被揭晓. 印度河流域有超过1000个定居点, 覆盖了至少100万平方公里, 即目前的巴基斯坦和印度西北部. 它是当时最大的城邦文明, 拥有一百万人口和强大的海军出口贸易到海湾和美索不达米亚(乌尔)的城市, 在那里发现了刻有印度河符号的物品. 在20世纪末, 发现了两个最大的遗址, 即莫亨霍达罗和哈拉帕, 这些遗址以其完善的城市卫生设施, 精美的宝石首饰和石雕而著称. 对哈拉帕(巴基斯坦)和法玛纳(印度)地区人类牙齿同位素数据(锶和铅)的分析, 可以探究地球生物的化学迁移史和印度河域墓葬传统. 另外, 生物考古学的分析还揭示了由于气候变化和社会经济的破坏, 疾病(包括传染病、创伤、关节病和牙科疾病)发病率从古到今都在增加. 本文也为研究过去种群内部和种群之间的遗传关系提供了线索.

关键词: 印度河谷文明, 哈拉帕, 莫亨霍达罗, 巴基斯坦考古遗址

Key words: Indus valley civilization, Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Pakistan archeological sites

中图分类号:

KHAN Muhammad Hidayatullah, KHAN Muhammad Asadullah, AKBAR Ali, 岳剑. 印度河流域文明遗传层次的比较生物学分析[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 2020(S1): 62-66.

Muhammad Hidayatullah KHAN, Muhammad Asadullah KHAN, Ali AKBAR, Jian YUE. Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(S1): 62-66.

图/表 2

参考文献 15

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Period / Era	Interval	Regional cultural phrases	Modern regions
Early Harappan/Regionalization (reaching back to Neolithic Mehargarh II)	3200—2600 BC	Amri-Nal	Baluchistan, Sindh, North Gujarat
		Kot Diji	North Sindh and Elsewhere
		Sothi-Siswal	North Rajasthan, Haryana, Eastern regions
		Damb Sadaat	Central Baluchistan
Early–Mature Harappan Transition	2600—2500 BC
Mature Harappan/Integration Era	2500—1900 BC	Sindhi Harappan	Sindh
		Kulli Harappan	Baluchistan
		Sorath Harappan	Gujarat, Saurashtra
		Punjabi Harappan	Punjab
		Eastern Harappan	Haryana, Rajasthan
Late Mature Harrapan Phase/Localization Era	1900—1300 BC	Sindhi Harappan	Sindh

Sign	Pictorial value	Ideographic meaning	Sign	Pictorial value	Ideographic meaning
	Jar	Priest		Bearer	Officer or functionary
	Lance	Warrior		Jar + Bearer	Officer with priestly duties
	Man	Servant or lower functionary		Lance + Bearer	Officer with military duties
	Harrow	Farmer, tiller, tenant

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印度河流域文明遗传层次的比较生物学分析

Comparative biological analysis to investigate the genetic hierarchy of the Indus valley civilization

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