城市公园社会服务空间公平性的定量分析——以上海市中心城区为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2017.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市公园是城市绿色基础设施的重要组成部分，具有提供休闲娱乐场所、改善居民身心健康等多种社会服务功能.然而，公园服务功能的发挥与其空间格局紧密相关，不合理的“公园—居住区”的空间布局会导致居民在享有公园服务方面的不公平现象.本文为探讨居民享有的城市公园服务与空间格局的关系，引入“空间公平性”的概念，以优化的可达性模型为基础，基于GIS建立了一套公平性评价的定量化方法，提出公园服务效力和居民享有公园的公平性两个指数，并对上海市中心城区在居住区和行政区两个尺度上做了实证研究.研究结果表明：①两个指数能较好地表征城市公园的空间分布和居民享受社会服务的公平性程度；②两个指数计算结果的离散程度比自身的绝对值更有价值，可以横向比较区域内部的公平性差异程度；③本方法突破传统指标只能在区域尺度上统计平均水平的局限，能够体现出小尺度上的空间差异,为规划设计提供明确的空间导向和决策支持.

关键词: 城市公园, 社会服务功能, 公平性, 定量分析, 地理信息系统

Abstract:

Urban park is an important part of urban green infrastructure. From the perspective of human use, the primary function of urban parks is to provide leisure and entertainment opportunity and improve people's physical and mental health and other social services. To evaluate how well the function of social services is often related to the study of spatial equity. For analyzing the spatial equity of urban parks’ social service functioning indepth and inwidth, a new study frame optimization of accessibility models of assessing the spatial equity quantitatively is established. In this paper, the park service capability index and the spatial service equity index are set up and used in a case study of the central area of Shanghai at both the housing level and the district level. The results reveal that ① the two indexes in this study are effective to appraise the structure of urban parks and the equity of residents, and the quantitative method is feasible; ② the deviation coefficient of two indexes is more valuable than its absolute value for comparing the difference of equity between districts; ③ the method in this paper break through the limitations that traditional indicators just obtain mean level and can reflect the spatial difference on a small scale, providing clear guidance for planning and decisionmaking.

Key words: urban parks, social service function, spatial equity, quantitative analysis; GIS

胡玥; 蔡永立; . 城市公园社会服务空间公平性的定量分析——以上海市中心城区为例[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2017.01.011.

HU Yue, CAI Yong-li. Analyzing the spatial equity of urban parks’〖KG*6〗social service functioning quantitatively: A case study for the central area of Shanghai[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Sc, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2017.01.011.

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