重庆主城区杂草物种组成特征及多样性格局

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.201931002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用网格法在我国典型的山地城市重庆主城区内设置了86个1 km×1 km的样地, 全面调查了杂草物种组成, 并分析和探讨了城市化背景下杂草物种组成特征及多样性分布格局. 结果如下: ① 共记录杂草69科223属301种, 包含物种最多的科为菊科和禾本科; ② 一年生杂草和矮生长型杂草占优势; ③ 以本地杂草为主, 外来杂草和外来入侵杂草分别有31种和11种; ④ 高、中和低城市化区杂草物种组成相似性较低, 并且优势种组成差异较大; ⑤ 高城市化区样方杂草物种数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著低于中城市化区和低城市化区(p < 0.01); ⑥ 样方杂草物种数随着样地与城市中心距离的增加波动, 呈“波浪形”模式. 综上, 城市化对山地多中心城市的杂草物种组成和多样性均具有明显影响, 但导致的城市化梯度变化格局有异于平原单中心城市的模式.

关键词: 城市杂草, 物种组成, 多样性格局, 城市化, 山地城市

Abstract: We arranged 86 1 km×1 km vegetation surveying plots in Chongqing metropolis using the grid method. The plots were used to investigate the species composition and distribution pattern of weed communities in the context of rapid urbanization. The findings of the study were as follows: ① 301 weed species belonging to 223 genera and 69 families were recorded. Among the recorded species, species of the Compositae and Gramineae were the most abundant; ② Annual weeds and dwarf weeds were the dominant types of weed species; ③ The weed communities in Chongqing metropolis were primarily comprised of native species. There were 31 exotic weed species and 11 invasive weed species recorded in the study; ④ The similarities in weed species composition across high-, medium- and low-urbanization areas were low. Additionally, the composition of dominant species within the weed community varied by area; ⑤ Urbanization had impacted weed biodiversity, evidenced by the lower number of weed species and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the high urbanization areas compared to that of the medium and low urbanization areas; ⑥ The number of weed species in the 86 sample plots showed a polycentric pattern with increasing distance between the survey plot and city center. Overall, urbanization had a significant impact on the composition and diversity of weed communities in mountainous multi-center cities, but the urbanization gradient of weed species is different from that of plain single-center cities.

Key words: urban weeds, species composition, diversity pattern, urbanization, mountainous cities

中图分类号:

吴雪, 黄力, 靳程, 钱深华, 杨永川. 重庆主城区杂草物种组成特征及多样性格局[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2020, 2020(2): 98-109.

WU Xue, HUANG Li, JIN Cheng, QIAN Shenhua, YANG Yongchuan. Species composition and distribution pattern of weed communities in Chongqing metropolis[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2020, 2020(2): 98-109.

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