城乡交错区的土壤微生物多样性格局及其影响因素

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以上海市松江区泖港镇为研究地点, 采用高通量测序技术全面揭示了该城乡交错区不同土地利用类型中土壤细菌和土壤真菌的多样性分布格局和群落组成格局. 研究结果显示, 采集的土壤样品中共发现632种土壤细菌OTUs (operational taxonomic units)和593种土壤真菌OTUs, 优势类群为变形菌门(细菌)与子囊菌门(真菌). 4种土地利用类型 (耕地、坑塘水域、仓储用地和居民居住区) 中, 土壤细菌的Shannon指数为4.41 ~ 4.71, 土壤真菌的Shannon指数为1.99 ~ 2.60, 这两类土壤微生物的α多样性在各土地利用类型间无显著差异. 而不同土地利用类型间, 土壤细菌(R = 0.32, p = 0.001)和土壤真菌(R = 0.22, p = 0.001)的β多样性格局存在显著差异. 此外, 该城乡交错区土壤细菌和土壤真菌的群落组成格局和β多样性格局与土壤酸碱度、土壤孔隙度和土壤含水率显著相关.

关键词: 生物多样性, 土壤细菌, 土壤真菌, 城乡交错区

Abstract:

We collected soil samples from Maogang Town (Songjiang District, Shanghai) and used high-throughput sequencing techniques to reveal the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and soil fungi in this peri-urban area. We found a total of 632 bacteria OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and 593 fungi OTUs in Maogang, in which the dominant microbial groups were Proteobacteria (bacteria) and Ascomycota (fungi). The Shannon Wiener index of soil bacteria was found to be in the range of 4.41 to 4.71, and the soil fungi’s Shannon Wiener index was found to be in the range of 1.99 to 2.60. Land-use type insignificantly affected α diversity of soil bacteria and soil fungi; however, land-use type significantly affected β diversity of soil bacteria (R = 0.32, p = 0.001) and soil fungi (R = 0.22, p = 0.001). Lastly, there were significant correlations observed between three soil environmental factors—namely, soil pH, porosity, and moisture—and community composition and β diversity of soil bacteria and soil fungi.

Key words: biodiversity, soil bacteria, soil fungi, peri-urban areas

中图分类号:

高燕, 王嵘. 城乡交错区的土壤微生物多样性格局及其影响因素[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 2023(3): 20-32.

Yan GAO, Rong WANG. Diversity pattern and driving factors for soil microbes in a peri-urban area[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(3): 20-32.

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土地利用类型	土壤酸碱度	土壤孔隙度/%	土壤含水率/%
耕地	7.13±0.77^a	28.50±0.05^a	24.75±7.17^a
坑塘水域	7.31±0.45^a	19.87±0.02^b	8.35±3.23^b
仓储用地	7.93±0.25^a	20.65±0.03^b	12.24±4.96^b
居民居住区	7.59±0.50^a	15.83±0.03^b	9.62±3.71^b

土壤微生物类群	变量名	Sums of Sqs	Mean Sqs	F	R²	p	置换数
土壤细菌	土地利用类型	1.184	0.395	2.362	0.27	0.001	999
	土壤孔隙度	0.520	0.520	2.841	0.12	0.003	999
	土壤含水率	0.405	0.405	2.149	0.09	0.008	999
	土壤酸碱度	0.284	0.284	1.460	0.07	0.091	999
土壤真菌	土地利用类型	1.627	0.542	1.374	0.18	0.007	999
	土壤孔隙度	0.464	0.464	1.125	0.05	0.246	999
	土壤含水率	0.563	0.563	1.380	0.06	0.037	999
	土壤酸碱度	0.531	0.531	1.297	0.06	0.083	999

土壤微生物类群	土地利用类型	R	p	置换数
土壤细菌	耕地和坑塘水域	0.219	0.020	999
	耕地和仓储用地	–0.024	0.558	999
	耕地和居民居住区	0.427	0.002	999
	坑塘水域和仓储用地	0.473	0.006	999
	坑塘水域和居民居住区	0.316	0.011	999
	仓储用地和居民居住区	0.641	0.004	999
土壤真菌	耕地和坑塘水域	0.324	0.001	999
	耕地和仓储用地	–0.003	0.434	999
	耕地和居民居住区	0.176	0.103	999
	坑塘水域和仓储用地	0.392	0.009	999
	坑塘水域和居民居住区	0.133	0.059	999
	仓储用地和居民居住区	0.296	0.022	999

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