华东师范大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 2023 ›› Issue (3): 9-19.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.002

• 生态与环境科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国道教宫观植物多样性及道教树种分布格局

昌维, 杨永川*(), 靳程, 王新阳, 黄力, 周礼华, 胡四维   

  1. 重庆大学 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆　400045
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-27 接受日期:2022-01-26 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨永川 E-mail:ycyang@cqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX0007); 重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS15014)

Diversity of plants in Chinese Taoist temples and the distribution pattern of Taoist tree species

Wei CHANG, Yongchuan YANG*(), Cheng JIN, Xinyang WANG, Li HUANG, Lihua ZHOU, Siwei HU   

  1. Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing　400045, China
  • Received:2021-10-27 Accepted:2022-01-26 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-25
  • Contact: Yongchuan YANG E-mail:ycyang@cqu.edu.cn

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摘要：

共获取到全国72座道教宫观的树木名录, 揭示了不同地区道观的树种组成特征、分布格局及其影响因素, 探讨了道教宫观在生物多样性保护方面的作用. 结果表明: ① 在全国72座道教宫观中, 共计树木354种, 隶属85科208属; ② 道观树种以乡土树种为主, 各道观中乡土树种的比例均值为62.5%±19.8% (比例均值±标准偏差), 且大多数道观 (77.8%) 中保存有受威胁树种; ③ 道教树种多起源于亚热带地区, 并以长江流域为热点区域, 尤其是少数民族聚集的西南与中南地区; ④ 影响道教树种分布的主要因素是地理和气候因子, 但其组成在气候带上却难以区分, 且随着气候带的北移, 并未表现出宗教树种替代 (以形态或文化含义相似的乡土树种替代原始宗教树种) 现象. 以上结果表明, 道教宫观中植物资源丰富, 是潜在的生物多样性宝库, 在保护和维持生物多样性方面具有重要作用, 并能为区域生态修复和城市绿地建设提供参考.

关键词: 道教宫观, 道教树种, 生物多样性, 道教文化

Abstract:

In this study, we obtained tree species from 72 Taoist temples across China. We subsequently documented the tree species composition, distribution pattern, and impact factors in different regions to determine the role of Taoist temples in biodiversity protection. The results showed that: ① Among 72 Taoist temples sampled across China, we observed a total of 354 species of trees, belonging to 85 families and 208 genera; ② The tree species in the Taoist temples were mainly native species, and the mean value for the proportion of native species in each Taoist temple was 62.5%±19.8% (mean ± standard deviation). Most of the Taoist temples (77.8%), moreover, housed threatened tree species; ③ Taoist tree species originated largely from subtropical regions, with the Yangtze River Basin being the most represented, especially in the southwest and south-central regions where a relatively large proportion of ethnic minorities reside; ④ The main factors affecting the distribution of Taoist tree species were geography and climate, but their composition was indistinguishable within each climate zone. As the climatic zone moves northward, there is no religious tree species replacement phenomenon (i.e., replacing the original religious tree species by native tree species with similar morphology or cultural meaning). The above results indicate that Taoist temples are rich in plant resources, which are potential biodiversity treasures. Thus, they play an essential role in protecting and maintaining biodiversity, with the potential to serve as a reference for regional ecological restoration and urban green space construction.

Key words: Taoist temples, Taoist tree species, biodiversity, Taoist culture

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