滨海湿地中溶解态CH4的通量及影响因子

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2023.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以长江口滨海湿地的九段沙湿地和西沙湿地为研究区域, 探究了滨海湿地水体中溶解态CH₄浓度和通量的变化过程及影响因子. 采样期间, CH₄溶存浓度有显著的季节变化: 九段沙秋季的CH₄平均溶存浓度最大, 为(0.30 ± 0.19) μmol·L^–1; 西沙夏季的CH₄平均溶存浓度最大, 为(1.16 ± 1.52) μmol·L^–1. 西沙的CH₄平均溶存浓度 ((0.56 ± 0.91) μmol·L^–1) 高于九段沙 ((0.18 ± 0.17) μmol·L^–1). 通过主成分分析发现, CH₄的时空变化主要与滨海湿地的季节更替及潮汐作用有关, 低温、高盐度和富氧环境都将抑制CH₄的合成. 对于不同的季节和研究区域, 溶解态CH₄的通量变化也有显著差异. 九段沙和西沙水环境向大气扩散的CH₄通量分别在秋季((0.45 ± 0.43) nmol·m^–2·s^–1)和夏季((3.34 ± 5.21) nmol·m^–2·s^–1)最大. 两者向长江口水平输送的CH₄通量分别在秋季((2.32 ± 9.32) nmol·m^–2·s^–1)和夏季((1.66 ± 5.06) nmol·m^–2·s^–1)最大. 利用水质参数与CH₄溶存浓度拟合多元回归方程, 获得高频率、连续观测的CH₄溶存浓度. 进一步计算得到九段沙和西沙的溶解态CH₄年均横向输送通量, 分别为 1.46 mg·m^–2·d^–1和 0.34 mg·m^–2·d^–1, 年均垂向扩散通量分别为 1.85 mg·m^–2·d^–1和 2.90 mg·m^–2·d^–1. 还揭示了滨海湿地中溶解态CH₄是大气和沿岸水体中CH₄的重要来源之一.

关键词: 滨海湿地, 溶解态CH₄, 原位连续观测技术, 排放通量

Abstract:

The process of change and factors influencing dissolved CH₄ concentration and flux in the coastal wetlands of Jiuduansha (JDS) and Xisha (XS) in the Yangtze Estuary were explored. The concentration of dissolved CH₄ varied significantly during the sampling period, with the highest in JDS wetland being (0.30±0.19) μmol·L^–1 during autumn, while that in XS wetland being (1.16±1.52) μmol·L^–1 during summer. The average dissolved CH₄ concentration in XS wetland ((0.56±0.91) μmol·L^–1) was slightly higher than that in JDS wetland ((0.18±0.17) μmol·L^–1). Principal component analysis revealed that the temporal and spatial variations in CH₄ were mainly related to seasonal variation and tidal cycling in coastal wetlands. The CH₄ emission under low-temperature, high-salinity, and oxygen-rich water environments was limited. The fluxes of dissolved CH₄ also showed seasonal and regional variations. The water-to-air diffusion of CH₄ was the largest in autumn in JDS wetlands ((0.45±0.43) nmol·m^–2·s^–1) and in summer in XS wetlands ((3.34±5.21) nmol·m^–2·s^–1). The lateral fluxes of dissolved CH₄ were maximum in autumn in JDS wetlands ((2.32±9.32) nmol·m^–2·s^–1) and in summer in XS wetlands ((1.66±5.06) nmol·m^–2·s^–1). Use of water quality parameters and dissolved CH₄ concentration to fit a multiple regression equation produced a high-frequency and continuous CH₄ concentration. The annual average lateral transport flux (JDS wetland: 1.46 mg·m^–2·d^–1; XS wetland: 0.34 mg·m^–2·d^–1) and annual average vertical diffusion flux (JDS wetland: 1.85 mg·m^–2·d^–1; XS wetland: 2.90 mg·m^–2·d^–1) of dissolved CH₄ was calculated. The results show that dissolved CH₄ in coastal wetlands is an important sources of CH₄ in the atmosphere and coastal waters.

Key words: coastal wetland, dissolved CH₄, in-situ continuous observation method, CH₄ flux

中图分类号:

Q149

张颖, 张晓慧, 刘婷婷, 杨芷璇, 唐剑武. 滨海湿地中溶解态CH₄的通量及影响因子[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 2023(3): 93-107.

Ying ZHANG, Xiaohui ZHANG, Tingting LIU, Zhixuan YANG, Jianwu TANG. Fluxes and influencing factors of dissolved CH₄ in coastal wetlands[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2023, 2023(3): 93-107.

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研究区	季节	间隔采样时间	样本数	溶解态CH₄原位连续观测时间	多参和流速仪原位连续观测时间
JDS	秋	2020.09.20—2020.09.22	41	2020.09.20—2020.09.27	2020.09.20—2020.10.19
	冬	2021.01.27—2021.01.29	42	2021.01.26—2021.01.30	2021.01.25—2021.03.05
	春	2021.05.07—2021.05.09	43	2021.05.06—2021.05.09	2021.04.28—2021.05.30
	夏	2021.07.13—2021.07.15	41	2021.07.13—2021.07.16	2021.07.13—2021.08.19
XS	秋	2020.10.26—2020.10.28	43	2020.10.26—2020.10.29 2020.11.10—2020.11.12	2020.10.24—2020.11.12
	冬	2020.12.26—2020.12.28	38	2020.12.24—2020.12.28	2020.12.23—2021.01.20
	春	2021.03.25—2021.03.26 2021.03.28	41	2021.03.23—2021.03.28	2021.03.22—2021.04.26
	夏	2021.06.23—2021.06.25	41	2021.06.23—2021.06.25	2021.06.02—2021.07.02

	季节	水温/℃	盐度/‰	溶解氧/(mg·L^–1)	${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $ /(μmol·L^–1)	${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $ /(μmol·L^–1)	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ /(mg·L^–1)	叶绿素 a/(μg·L^–1)
JDS	春	20.83±1.90	2.97±2.13	7.90±0.64	0.20±0.05	68.61±14.77	206.65±85.01	2.74±1.28
	夏	28.63±1.25	1.90±1.54	6.57±0.62	0.39±0.11	61.45±14.21	60.79±28.84	6.62±1.38
	秋	23.23±1.76	0.57±0.76	7.57±0.57	0.25±0.11	72.92±15.46	110.86±36.82	7.27±2.33
	冬	10.00±1.63	10.36±2.97	10.25±0.61	0.74±0.11	76.94±11.14	467.99±93.33	3.10±1.81
XS	春	16.02±2.23	0.20±0.07	9.18±0.91	4.01±0.87	104.16±10.43	25.43±2.63	4.72±2.19
	夏	25.90±2.22	0.14±0.05	7.10±1.71	0.58±0.11	81.41±12.23	18.63±1.54	9.03±4.48
	秋	18.38±1.73	0.18±0.06	9.02±1.77	0.10±0.04	75.33±12.56	16.91±3.33	9.32±5.96
	冬	7.19±2.55	0.19±0.04	11.34±0.75	0.26±0.05	103.89±6.84	53.08±1.97	2.76±1.48

研究区	季节	F_Lat /(mg·m^–2·d^–1)
研究区	季节	方法 1	方法 2	方法 3
JDS	春	0.022	0.072	0.079
	夏	0.137	0.072	0.178
	秋	1.824	0.693	4.387
	冬	0.224	0.180	0.418
XS	春	1.416	1.272	0.696
	夏	1.032	0.899	1.273
	秋	0.227	0.296	0.164
	冬	0.397	0.284	0.402

水域	生态系统类型	CH₄垂向扩散通量 /(mg·m^–2·d^–1)	参考文献
大西洋	大洋	(2.72 ~ 5.44) × 10^–3	[53]
南海中部和北部	陆架海	–0.45 ~ 1.90	[54]
瓜纳巴拉湾	海湾	9.04 ~ 15.68	[55]
莫顿湾南部	海湾	0.21 ~ 10.23	[56]
孟加拉湾东南部	海湾	1.76 ~ 7.52	[57]
瓜达基维尔河口	河口	0.03 ~ 2.37	[8]
长江口及其邻近海域	河口	0.99 ± 0.36	[26]
黄河河口	河口	0.09 ~ 8.87	[58]
泰河河口	河口	0.27 ~ 0.99	[39]
鳝鱼滩湿地 (闽江河口)	滨海湿地水体	–15.40 ~ 20.50	[59]
九段沙湿地 (长江河口)	滨海湿地水体	1.85	本文
西沙湿地 (长江河口)	滨海湿地水体	2.90	本文
太湖	湖泊	–5.04 ~ 80.40	[49]
玄武湖	湖泊	–6.72 ~ 75.60	[49]
巢湖	湖泊	0.96 ~ 473.09	[50]
上海市内河网	河流	15.48 ~ 2062.46	[51]
亚德亚河	河流	0.65 ~ 1827.84	[60]
亚马逊河	河流	0.16 ~ 644.80	[61]

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[2]	李翔, 田慧敏, 吴靖颖, 陈思雨, 赵明明, 徐平, 陈雪初, 由文辉. 奉贤滨海湿地蟹类和蟹洞的分布特征及影响因子[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(2): 160-170.

滨海湿地中溶解态CH₄的通量及影响因子

Fluxes and influencing factors of dissolved CH₄ in coastal wetlands

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