长江流域水库叶绿素及营养盐变化: 生物过滤器效应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2021.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取对上游来水滞留时间不同的4个典型水库, 利用藻类和营养盐调查资料, 分析水库的“生物过滤器”效应. 发现: ① 垂向上各水库Chl.a浓度均出现次表层最大, 然后向下逐渐减少的趋势, 导致营养盐浓度形成“上层小下层大”的生物滞留特征, 4个水库的DIN(NO₂-N、NH₄-N、NO₃-N)、DIP(PO₄-P)和DSi(SiO₃-Si)垂向滞留量平均值分别为下层浓度的6.29%、14.92%和8.60%. ② 沿程上各水库Chl.a浓度和藻类生物量从上游向下游总体呈减小趋势, 导致营养盐浓度形成“上游大下游小”的生物滞留特征, 4个水库DIN、DIP和DSi沿程滞留量平均值分别为上游浓度的26.53%、39.89%和31.70%. ③ 4个水库DIN、DIP和DSi综合滞留量的平均值分别为原浓度的32.82%、54.80%和40.30%. ④ 随水库滞留时间增加, DIP浓度逐渐减少直至小于0.1 μmol/L, 以致磷成为藻类生长的绝对限制条件.

关键词: 水库, 叶绿素次表层最大, 营养盐滞留, 生物过滤器

Abstract:

The biological filtering effect of reservoirs has become an area of focus for environmental science. We conducted an in situ survey, with different upstream retention times, of chlorophyll-a (Chl.a) and nutrients at the Zhexi, Zhelin, Hualiangting, and Yahekou reservoirs. We found that: ① In the vertical direction, Chl.a in each reservoir had the largest subsurface layer and generally decreased downward, resulting in upper nutrients assimilated by algae and an average vertical retention rate of DIN, DIP, and DSi of the reservoirs at 6.29%, 14.92%, and 8.60%, respectively. ② The concentration of Chl.a and the biomass of phytoplankton generally decreased from upstream to downstream, resulting in lots of nutrients assimilated by algae upstream, and the average horizontal retention rate of DIN, DIP, and DSi of the reservoirs at 26.53%, 39.89%, and 31.70%, respectively. ③ The total average retention rate of DIN, DIP, and DSi of the four reservoirs were 32.82%, 54.80%, and 40.30%, respectively. ④ The concentration of DIP decreased gradually with increases in the reservoir’s retention time; in fact, the concentration of DIP even decreased to 0.1 μmol/L, i.e. the growth of phytoplankton was fully limited by DIP.

Key words: reservoir, subsurface chlorophyll maximum, nutrient retention, biological filtering

中图分类号:

P343.3

同萌, 李茂田, 牛淑杰, 刘晓强, 林沐东, 郭慧婷, 候立军. 长江流域水库叶绿素及营养盐变化: 生物过滤器效应[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2021, 2021(2): 63-72.

Meng TONG, Maotian LI, Shujie NIU, Xiaoqiang LIU, Mudong LIN, Huiting GUO, Lijun HOU. Changes in chlorophyll and nutrients in reservoirs of the Changjiang River basin: The “biological filter” effect[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2021, 2021(2): 63-72.

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各类水库	优势种	丰度/(×10⁴ Cells·L^–1)	生物量/(mg·L^–1)	丰度占比	生物量占比
A	硅藻门	102.00	0.95	66.8%	32.7%
A	甲藻门	36.33	1.91	23.8%	65.8%
B	硅藻门	68.79	0.73	43.2%	45.2%
B	蓝藻门	83.04	0.14	52.1%	8.8%
C	硅藻门	17.17	1.46	23.4%	56.1%
	绿藻门	23.78	0.37	32.4%	14.2%
	蓝藻门	31.04	0.16	42.3%	6.1%
D	硅藻门	42.18	0.24	57.3%	55.7%
	绿藻门	23.97	0.04	32.6%	9.0%
	甲藻门	4.43	0.15	6.0%	34.9%

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