抗生素与抗性基因在畜禽养殖中的环境影响及生态风险

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2024.06.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对畜禽养殖环境中抗生素与抗性基因的影响与潜在的生态风险进行了综述, 通过对相关文献进行系统调研总结了不同地区畜禽养殖业中抗生素的使用情况. 研究发现, 畜禽粪便及粪肥还田后土壤中抗生素与抗性基因残留浓度水平因粪肥种类、地区、养殖场规模和管理措施等因素而存在差异; 同时, 抗生素和抗性基因在土壤中的迁移转化受土壤类型及施肥方式的影响. 此外, 本研究特别探讨了抗性基因在土壤中通过水平基因扩散等机制传播对土壤微生物的影响, 系统阐述了抗生素与抗性基因的生态风险. 最后, 结合畜禽粪肥还田的污染现状, 对未来减少环境中抗生素及抗性基因积累和扩散进行了总结与展望, 期望为全面了解抗生素及抗性基因在畜禽养殖中的环境影响和生态风险提供有力支持.

关键词: 抗生素, 抗性基因, 畜禽粪便, 生态风险

Abstract:

This article provides a review of the impacts and potential ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming environments. Through systematic research on the relevant literature, the use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry farming in different regions was summarized. The study found that the residual concentrations of antibiotics and resistance genes in soil after returning livestock and poultry manure to the field varied due to factors such as manure type, region, farm scale, and management measures. Moreover, the migration and transformation of antibiotics and resistance genes in soil are influenced by the soil type and fertilization methods. This study specifically explored the impact of the spreading of resistance genes through mechanisms such as horizontal gene diffusion by soil microorganisms and systematically elucidated the ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes. Finally, based on the current pollution situation of returning livestock manure to the field, a summary and outlook on reducing the accumulation and diffusion of antibiotics and resistance genes in the environment were prepared. The work is expected to provide strong support for a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts and ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming.

Key words: antibiotic, antibiotic resistance gene, livestock manure, ecological risk

中图分类号:

X713

胡雯桉, 沈城, 孙慧伦, 王强, 刘敏. 抗生素与抗性基因在畜禽养殖中的环境影响及生态风险[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2024, 2024(6): 151-160.

Wenan HU, Cheng SHEN, Huilun SUN, Qiang WANG, Min LIU. Environmental impacts and ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in livestock and poultry farming[J]. Journal of East China Normal University(Natural Science), 2024, 2024(6): 151-160.

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类别	抗生素
喹诺酮类	环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、马波沙星、达诺沙星、地氟沙星、沙拉沙星、氟喹诺酮、诺氟沙星、氟喹诺酮酸、奥昔酸
四环素类	强力霉素、土霉素
氨基糖苷类	庆大霉素、阿米卡星
大环内酯类	泰乐菌素、红霉素
磺胺类	磺胺嘧啶、甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑
林可酰胺类	林可霉素
头孢菌素类	头孢洛辛、头孢噻呋
β-内酰胺类	氨苄青霉素、青霉素 G、克洛沙星、二氯氨苄青霉素、头孢氨苄

地区	ARGs	ARGs相对丰度	粪肥种类	参考文献
河北	多种ARGs	4.99 × 10^–2	猪粪	[34]
河北	多种ARGs	1.36 × 10^–1	鸡粪
天津	多种ARGs	1.89 × 10^–2	猪粪
天津	多种ARGs	4.45 × 10^–2	鸡粪
广东	多种ARGs	1.87 ~ 8.88 copies/16S rRNA	肉鸡粪	[35]
广东	多种ARGs	0.07 ~ 2.96 copies/16S rRNA	蛋鸡粪	[35]
杭州	磺胺类	1.09 × 10^–2 ~ 1.32 × 10^–1	鸭粪	[36]
		1.09 × 10^–2 ~ 1.32 × 10^–1	鸡粪
		3.26 × 10^–4 ~ 2.81 × 10^–3	猪粪
		3.26 × 10^–4 ~ 2.81 × 10^–3	羊粪

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