华南地区扁颅蝠的种群遗传学研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2025.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

扁颅蝠(Tylonycteris pachypus)是一种栖息于竹林中的小型食虫类蝙蝠. 从广东、广西等16个地区采集到450个扁颅蝠样品, 基于19个微卫星分子标记对扁颅蝠进行了基因分型. 其遗传多样性分析结果表明, 扁颅蝠的种群遗传多样性维持在较高水平, 两个种群(中国禾坑村和马来西亚雪兰莪)经历了瓶颈效应, 距离隔离模式结果证明了地理距离对扁颅蝠基因流有阻碍作用; STRUCTURE遗传聚类分析结果显示, 所有种群可以划分为5个遗传分支, 彼此之间未检测到显著的基因流. 研究结果揭示了扁颅蝠的遗传多样性格局, 能够为扁颅蝠的物种保护提供合理的参考意见.

关键词: 扁颅蝠, 遗传多样性, 种群遗传结构, 基因流

Abstract:

Flat-headed bat (Tylonycteris pachypus), an insectivorous bat species, roosts in bamboo forests. In this study, 450 T. pachypus individuals were sampled from 16 sites across Guangdong, Guangxi, and other locations. Genotyping was performed using 19 microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that T. pachypus maintained a high level of genetic diversity. Bottleneck detections indicated that two populations, Hekeng in China and Selangor in Malaysia, experienced historical bottleneck effects. Isolation by distance analyses demonstrated that geographical distance exerted an obstructive effect on gene flow in T. pachypus. STRUCTURE genetic clustering analyses divided all populations into five genetic clades, and no significant gene flow was detected among them. In conclusion, this study elucidated the genetic diversity patterns of the T. pachypus, providing reasonable suggestions for T. pachypus conservation.

Key words: Tylonycteris pachypus, genetic diversity, population genetic structure, gene flow

中图分类号:

Q958

张杰, 华攀玉. 华南地区扁颅蝠的种群遗传学研究[J]. 华东师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2025, 2025(4): 93-103.

Jie ZHANG, Panyu HUA. Population genetics of the flat-headed bats in Southern China[J]. J* E* C* N* U* N* S*, 2025, 2025(4): 93-103.

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序号	采样地区	种群简称	国家/省份	纬度/(°)	经度/(°)	个体数
1	高祥	GX	中国/广西	22.35	106.87	34
2	逐炯	ZJ	中国/广西	22.38	106.80	19
3	塘巧	TQ	中国/广西	22.39	106.76	37
4	巴望	BW	中国/广西	22.38	106.76	64
5	弄行	NX	中国/广西	22.38	106.75	13
6	利民	LM	中国/广西	22.34	106.85	54
7	亭廖	TL	中国/广西	22.11	107.13	49
8	峙利	ZL	中国/广西	22.11	107.11	22
9	桂平	GP	中国/广西	23.37	110.07	10
10	茂名	MM	中国/广东	21.67	110.88	25
11	广州	GZ	中国/广东	23.14	113.26	42
12	罗甸	LD	中国/贵州	25.55	106.63	32
13	勐腊	ML	中国/云南	21.45	101.56	9
14	灶下村	ZXC	中国/香港	22.53	114.21	9
15	禾坑村	HKC	中国/香港	22.53	114.19	14
16	雪兰莪	UL	马来西亚/雪兰莪	3.35	101.75	17

种群简称	种群采样数 (N)	平均等位基因数 (N_A)	观测杂合度 (H_O)	期望杂合度 (H_E)	近交系数 (F_IS)	等位基因丰富度 (A_R)	私有等位基因丰富度 (P_A)
GX	34	9.95	0.76	0.76	0.02	6.66	0.12
ZJ	19	9.42	0.74	0.78	0.08	7.30	0.20
TQ	37	10.26	0.75	0.77	0.04	6.91	0.14
BW	64	10.90	0.71	0.77	0.08	6.85	0.11
NX	13	8.21	0.78	0.75	0.00	7.15	0.28
LM	54	10.68	0.74	0.77	0.05	6.76	0.14
TL	49	9.74	0.69	0.75	0.09	6.31	0.16
ZL	22	8.68	0.74	0.76	0.05	6.57	0.22
GP	10	6.00	0.70	0.69	0.04	5.81	0.10
MM	25	7.47	0.70	0.73	0.06	5.83	0.14
GZ	42	6.95	0.64	0.66	0.04	4.97	0.05
LD	32	7.37	0.64	0.68	0.07	5.46	0.08
ML	9	6.05	0.69	0.70	0.07	6.05	0.55
ZXC	9	4.05	0.53	0.60	0.17	4.05	0.00
HKC	14	5.16	0.62	0.63	0.05	4.64	0.04
UL	17	7.79	0.68	0.75	0.12	6.53	1.45
Mean		8.04	0.69	0.72	0.07	6.12	0.24

种群简称	GX	ZJ	TQ	BW	NX	LM	TL	ZL	GP	MM	GZ	LD	ML	ZXC	HKC
ZJ	0.02^*
TQ	0.01^*	0.01
BW	0.01^*	0.02^*	0.01^*
NX	0.02^*	0.01	0.02^*	0.02^*
LM	0.01^*	0.01^*	0.01^*	0.01^*	0.02^*
TL	0.04^*	0.03^*	0.03^*	0.03^*	0.05^*	0.03^*
ZL	0.04^*	0.04^*	0.04^*	0.04^*	0.06^*	0.04^*	0.02^*
GP	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.05^*	0.06^*	0.07^*	0.06^*	0.05^*	0.07^*
MM	0.05^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.06^*	0.03^*
GZ	0.09^*	0.10^*	0.10^*	0.10^*	0.11^*	0.10^*	0.11^*	0.11^*	0.06^*	0.06^*
LD	0.05^*	0.06^*	0.05^*	0.06^*	0.07^*	0.07^*	0.07^*	0.07^*	0.10^*	0.09^*	0.13^*
ML	0.13^*	0.11^*	0.12^*	0.13^*	0.13^*	0.12^*	0.13^*	0.13^*	0.14^*	0.13^*	0.17^*	0.17^*
ZXC	0.11^*	0.12^*	0.12^*	0.12^*	0.12^*	0.12^*	0.14^*	0.15^*	0.11^*	0.08^*	0.10^*	0.16^*	0.20^*
HKC	0.09^*	0.11^*	0.09^*	0.10^*	0.11^*	0.10^*	0.12^*	0.12^*	0.09^*	0.07^*	0.08^*	0.14^*	0.19^*	0.03
UL	0.16^*	0.15^*	0.16^*	0.16^*	0.16^*	0.16^*	0.17^*	0.16^*	0.18^*	0.18^*	0.23^*	0.21^*	0.18^*	0.22^*	0.22^*

方差来源	自由度	总方差	方差组成	占总方差百分比/%	p 值
组间	15	564.02	0.55	7	0.001
组内种群间	434	3281.05	0.44	6	0.001
种群内	450	3004.50	6.68	87	0.001
总计	899	6849.57	7.67	100

种群简称	p 值(杂合子过剩)	种群简称	p 值(杂合子过剩)
GX	0.26	GP	0.17
ZJ	0.11	MM	0.02
TQ	0.07	GZ	0.15
BW	0.04	LD	0.26
NX	0.26	ML	0.63
LM	0.02	ZXC	0.08
TL	0.14	HKC	0.00^*
ZL	0.48	UL	0.00^**